基于物理结构的油压减振器数学模型及试验验证

Mathematical Model and Experiment Verification of Oil Damper Based on the Physical Structure

针对铁道车辆动力学计算时,油压减振器通常被定义为线性阻尼模型因而不能完全反映油压减振器的卸荷和非线性特性的问题,文章基于流体力学、工程热力学、结构力学等理论,结合可压缩流体流动特性和阀门元件运动规律建立了一种包含压力缸、常通孔、储油缸、回油阀、卸荷阀的油压减振器物理模型,并利用Simulink仿真软件对抗蛇行油压减振器物理模型和线性阻尼模型进行了不同激励幅值和频率下的静动态特性仿真分析,结果表明,建立的物理模型能够模拟油液压缩和卸荷阀工作过程,并能够准确描述油压减振器线性静态特性、卸荷特性以及非线性动态特性。

In the dynamic calculation of railway vehicles,oil damper is usually defined as a linear damping model,which cannot fully reflect the relief and nonlinear characteristics of oil damper.Based on the theories of fluid mechanics,engineering thermodynamics,structural mechanics and so on,combined with the flow characteristics of compressible fluid and the movement pattern of valve components,this paper establishes a physical model of oil damper,which included pressure cylinder,damping hole,oil storage cylinder,oil return valve and relieved valve.The static and dynamic characteristics under different excitation amplitudes and frequencies are simulated and analyzed by using Simulink software against the physical model and linear damping model of anti-hunting oil damper.The results show that the established physical model can simulate the working process of the oil compression and relieved valve,and accurately describe the linear static characteristics,relief characteristics and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the oil damper.