定罪情节的体系定位与司法适用

System Positioning and Judicial Application of‘Serious Circumstances’of Conviction

在阶层犯罪论中,“情节严重”并非客观处罚条件。不法与责任的本质区别在于不法解决的是“应罚性”问题,而责任解决的是“需罚性”问题。构成要件要素是对特定犯罪类型特征的描述,而“情节严重”一方面并未达到可以与现实中特定行为相联系的描述程度,另一方面突破了现实中相对固定的度量。根据违法相对论,可罚的违法性就是刑事违法性,无须考虑“情节严重”是否体现了可罚的违法性。无论是根据社会的相当性说,还是法益衡量说,“情节轻微”都与违法阻却事由的本质相背离。“情节严重”属于责任要素,体现的是需罚性的有无与大小,可以通过“多次违法入罪”类型的司法解释进行证明。作为责任要素的“情节严重”将为正当防卫中不法行为的认定以及故意认识的范畴提供全新的实践路径。

In the theory of class crime,“serious circumstances”is not an objective punishment condition.The essential difference between illegal and responsibility is that illegal solves the need of punishment,while responsibility solves the deservedness of punishment.The essential elements are the description of the characteristics of specific crime types,while“serious circumstances”does not reach the degree of description that can be associated with specific behaviors in reality,and on the other hand,breaks through the relatively fixed metrics in reality.According to the theory of illegal relativity,the illegality of punishable is the criminal violation,and there is no need to consider whether the“serious circumstances”reflects the illegality of punishable.Whether according to social equivalence or legal measure,“Minor circumstances”deviate from the nature of illegal obstruction.“Serious circumstances”belongs to the element of responsibility,which reflects whether or not the punishment is required,which can be proved by the judicial interpretation of“multiple illegal crimes”.The“serious circumstances”as an element of responsibility will provide a new practical path for the identification of illegal acts in justifiable defense and the category of intentional understanding.