白果蒲桃生物学与生态学特性及播种育苗技术

The Ecological and Biological Characteristics and Techniqus of Seedlings and Growing Seedling of Syzygium album

白果蒲桃是福建省云霄县特有极小种群野生植物,为进一步完善白果蒲桃生物学及生态学特性,自2013年至今,对白果蒲桃叶、花、果的形态特征,生物学及生态学特性,播种育苗技术等进行观测研究。结果表明:白果蒲桃叶片长宽比约3∶1,尾尖占叶片总长度1/5,叶背侧脉边缘网结明显,秋梢每逢冬至开始萌发,古铜色,1年生枝条长出8片新叶,新叶至成熟叶历时60 d,并且叶子颜色变化6色以上,小叶柄为亮黄绿色;聚伞圆锥花序顶生或腋生,花序轴绿色四菱形,3~6次分枝,花丝白色,花期6—8月;果期10—11月,核果状蒴果,果实千粒重119 g,种子1颗,单心皮1室,子叶2片紫红色呈镶嵌状。具有喜光喜湿喜热的生态学特性。种子萌芽时间不集中,一整年种子都会萌发。萌发种子需要逐个放在穴盘定植,根据苗高更换营养杯,精心管理1 a后长成根系旺盛的壮苗,再经过田间管理1 a后带土球方可上山造林。综合结果表明,白果蒲桃叶、花、果的补充描述可以作为蒲桃属下种间区分鉴定的重要依据,播种育苗技术可以为保护扩繁种群数量提供参考。

Syzygium album is a plant species with extremely small population and endemic to Yunxiao Country Fujian Province.Supplementary research through biological and ecological characteristics of Syzygium album,since 2013,further improvement of leaves, flowers and fruits of Syzygium album.Practical observation records that is morphological characteristics and some biological characteristics、seed seedling afforestation technology, protective measures.The length width radio of blade is about 3∶1,the tail tip accounts for 1/5 of the total length of the blade, the dorsal veins of leaves are obviously reticulated at the edge.Autumn shoots germinate every winter solstice, bronze colored annual branches grow 8 new leaves, 2 months from new leaf to mature leaf and leaf color change more than 6 colors, petiole is bright yellow green.Cymose panicles terminal or axillary, inflorescence axis green tetrarhombic, 3~6 branches, filament white, flowering period: June to August.Fruiting period: July to November, drupe capsule, the 1000 grain weight of fresh fruit is 119 g, 1 seed, single carpel 1 chamber, cotyledons 2,purple red, mosaic.It has the ecological characteristics of liking light, humidity and heat.Seed germination time is not concentrated, seed germinate throughout the year, germinating seeds need to be placed on the plug one by one, replace the nutrient cup according to the seeding height.After careful management for one year, it will grow into strong seedlings with strong roots, after another year of field management only withearth balls can we go up the mountain for afforestation.In summary, supplementary description of leaves, flowers and fruits of Syzygium album can be used as the basis for interspecific differentiation and identification.Seed seedling raising and afforestation technology can provide practical reference for protecting and expanding the population.Protective measures can provide reference for local protection and ex situ protection.