审判阶段涉案财物处置的程序优化——刑事对物裁判之提倡

On Procedure Optimization in the Disposal of Property Involved in Trial:An Advocacy of Criminal Trial in Rem

按照传统的刑事诉讼理论,定罪裁判和量刑裁判为刑事裁判的两种基本类型。但刑事司法活动中不仅存在着对人的审理、裁决问题,还存在着对物的认定、处置问题。当前,由于我国刑事诉讼立法对涉案财物处置程序及处置过程中的权利保障缺乏合理且应有的关注,也由于“重定罪量刑,轻财物处置”的办案理念长期存在,实践中审判机关将涉案财物视作独立裁判对象予以对待的情形较为鲜见,甚至催生出法院对涉案财物问题怠于裁判甚至不予裁判的特殊现象。从这个意义上讲,引入刑事对物裁判极具现实必要性。对物裁判的独立性主要体现在裁判对象、诉讼结构和证明机制三个方面。在对物裁判的审理模式上,我国可考虑确立一种更为灵活的分离裁决模式。

According to the traditional criminal procedure theory, conviction judgment and sentencing judgment are two basic types of criminal judgments. However, in criminal judicial activities, there are not only trial and adjudication of people, but also identification and disposal of property.At present, due to the lack of attention to involved property disposal procedures and rights protection in the disposal in China’s criminal legislation,and the long-standing concept of “emphasizing conviction and sentencing and neglecting property disposal”, the court rarely treats the involved property as an independent judgment object in practice, which even causes the court’s slackness or refusal to make judgments about the involved property. Therefore it is necessary to introduce criminal trial in rem. The independence of criminal trial in rem is mainly reflected in three aspects:judgment object, litigation structure and proof mechanism. As for the trial mode, China can consider a more flexible separate adjudication mode.