浅谈被误解的“参军戏”

Probe into the Misunderstanding of“Canjun Drama”

今人研究中“参军戏”多指符合“参鹘调弄问答”表演样式的戏剧,并进一步泛指滑稽戏。梳理文献可知,“参军戏”得名于“弄参军”,源自俳优戏弄犯官,后被借鉴演戏,属于假官戏的一种,后因参军角色的特殊性从中独立出来。其演出形式不只参鹘相弄,亦包含歌舞形式;其角色也并非固定为“参军”“苍鹘”,而是随着演出实践不断丰富发展。但后人研究过度关注其“参鹘问答,戏弄讽刺”的表演形式,并以此界定参军戏,这是不符合史实的。

In modern people’s research,“Canjun Drama”refers to the drama in line with the performance style of“Canjun and Cang Hu tease between dialogues”,and further refers to Huaji Xi.However,through browsing the literature,we know that the name of“Canjun Drama”comes from“Nong Canjun”,which originates from Paiyou teasing criminal officials.Then,it was used for acting,which belongs to a kind of Jiaguan Xi.Later,due to the particularity of the role of Canjun,it becomes independent.Its forms of performence include not only teasing between CanJun and Cang Hu,but also the song and dance;the role is not fixed as“Canjun”and“Cang Hu”,but is constantly enriched and developed with the performance practice.However,the later studies pay too much attention to the performance form of teasing and satirizing between Canjun and Cang Hu,and define the Canjun Drama based on it,which is not true.