艺术科学的“确定性”与“不确定性”——形式主义艺术史理论的启示

“Certainty”and“Uncertainty”of Art Science——Enlightenment of Formalist Art History Theory

形式主义艺术史理论家李格尔、沃尔夫林、沃林格是以形式意志的“确定性”为目标建设艺术史的。与“确定性”相对的“不确定性”,是自律艺术的“形式”本身在发展变化过程中存在的必然因素。“不确定性”介入艺术科学,是艺术史理论转向先锋阶段的标志之一,也是树立“确定性”艺术特质的重要参照。三位形式主义艺术史家所追求的充满“确定性”的艺术史理论也是对现代派艺术“不确定性”发展阶段的辩证启示。19世纪、20世纪之交,自律艺术从确定性阶段逐渐进入“不确定性”阶段,“不确定性”特质逐渐清晰并成为现代派艺术或先锋艺术发展的主要特点。

Formalist art history theorists Riegl,Wolfflin,and Wallinger built art history with the goal of“certainty”of the will of form.The“uncertainty”opposite to“certainty”is an inevitable factor for the“form”of autonomous art itself in the process of development and change.The involvement of“uncertainty”in art science is one of the signs that art history theory has turned to the vanguard stage,and it is also an important reference for establishing the artistic quality of“certainty”.The art history theory full of“certainty”pursued by the three formalist art historians is also a dialectical enlightenment to the“uncertainty”development stage of modernist art.At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries,autonomous art gradually entered the stage of“uncertainty”from the stage of certainty,and the character of“uncertainty”gradually became clear and became the main feature of the development of modern art or avant-garde art.