国际投掷项目竞争格局发展趋势及应对策略研究

Research on the Development Trend and Countermeasures of the International Competition in Throwing Events

本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法以及个案分析法,通过对近10年共8届世界大赛投掷项目的比赛成绩进行统计分析,得出以下结论:(1)在近8届世界大赛中投掷项目成绩整体发展呈现稳步上升的趋势,各投掷项目的成绩发展各具特点。其中,男子铅球、链球以及女子铁饼等项目的夺金成绩提升幅度较大,女子铅球和女子标枪的夺金成绩以及夺牌门槛都出现了一定程度的下降,更有利于我国女子铅球和标枪运动员发挥出优势。(2)由于我国投掷运动员在身体条件上与国际高水平投掷运动员有一定的差距,较早的接受了专业训练等原因,导致我国投掷运动员较早的创造个人最佳成绩,并在国际赛事中的竞争力随年龄增大而降低。建议通过加强投掷项目的科学选材、普及科学先进的训练理念、构建科学全面的科研体系等途径提升我国投掷运动员在国际赛事中的竞争力。在保持优势的同时应提高运动员竞技表现的稳定性,以实现成绩的历史性突破。

Through the methods of literature review, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and case analysis, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the results of the throwing events of the eight world competitions in recent 10 years, and draws the following conclusions:(a)in recent eight world competitions, the overall development of the results of the throwing events shows a steady upward trend, and the results of each throwing event have their own characteristics.Among them, the gold medal winning performance of men’s shot put, hammer throw and women’s discus have increased significantly, and the gold medal winning performance and medal threshold of women’s shot put and women’s javelin have decreased to a certain extent, which is more conducive to China’s women’s shot put and javelin athletes to give full play to their advantages.(b)Because there is a certain gap between Chinese throwing athletes and international elite throwing athletes in physical conditions, and Chinese throwing athletes received professional training earlier, so they created their personal best results earlier and their competitiveness in international events decreased with age.(c)It is suggested to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese throwing athletes in international events by strengthening the scientific talent identification of throwing events, popularizing scientific and advanced training concepts, building a scientific and comprehensive scientific research system and strengthening the strong guarantee of national policies.While maintaining the advantages, we should improve the stability of athletes’ competitive performance in order to achieve a breakthrough in historical achievements.