男子足球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征

Biomechanical Characteristics of Lumbar and Abdominal Flexor and Extensor in Male Soccer Players

本文运用瑞士生产的Con-trex多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统,对内蒙古师范大学20名专项男子足球运动员的腰腹屈伸肌群进行肌力测试,分析专项男子足球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群的生物力学特征。为男子足球运动员的肌力评价、力量训练以及预防运动损伤提供理论性依据。结果表明:(1)腰腹屈伸肌的峰值力矩和相对峰值力矩随着测试速度的增加而逐渐增加,但各角度之间并没有统计学差异;在相同角速度下,腰腹伸肌的峰值力矩和相对峰值力矩均比屈肌高,且差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。(2)腰腹屈伸肌峰力矩比值随着角速度的增加而呈减小趋势,但各角度之间没有显著差异;腰腹屈伸肌峰力矩比值超过F/E的正常范围。(3)腰腹屈伸肌的平均功率、相对平均功率和总功随着角速度的增加而增加;在不同角速度下,腰腹屈伸肌的总功存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(4)腰腹屈伸肌群到达峰力矩的平均时间随着角速度的增加而逐渐减少;在不同角速度下,腰腹伸肌到达峰力矩的平均时间具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);在相同角速度下,腰腹伸肌群到达峰力矩的平均时间均小于屈肌群,且具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(5)在45°/s与90°/s的测试速度,腰腹屈伸肌的到达峰值力矩的平均角度值不具有规律性,分布离散。

This paper uses Con-trex multi-joint isokinetic muscle strength testing and training system made in Switzerland to test the lumbar and abdominal flexor/extensor muscle groups of 20 male soccer players from Inner Mongolia Normal University, and analyzes the biomechanical characteristics of their lumbar and abdominal flexor/extensor muscle groups.It provides theoretical basis for muscle strength evaluation, strength training and prevention of sports injury of male soccer players.The results showed that :(a)the peak torque and the relative peak torque of the lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor muscle increased with the increase of the test speed, but there was no statistical difference between the angles;At the same angular velocity, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscle were higher than those of the flexor muscle, and the difference was significant(P < 0.05).(b)With the increase of angular velocity, the ratio of peak moment of lumbar and abdominal flexor or extensor muscle decreases, but there is no significant difference among different angles;the peak moment ratio of lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor exceeds the normal range of F/E.(c)The average power, relative average power and total power of lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor muscle increased with the increase of angular velocity;At different angular velocity, the total power of lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor muscle was significantly different(P < 0.01).(d)With the increase of angular velocity, the average time to peak moment of lumbar and abdominal flexor/extensor muscle group decreases gradually;At different angular velocities, the average time to peak moment of extensor waist and abdomen muscle was significantly different(P < 0.01).At the same angular velocity, the average time to peak torque of extensor muscle group was smaller than that of flexor group, and the difference was very significant(P < 0.01).(e)At the test speed of 45°/s and 90°/s, the average angle value of reaching peak moment of the lumbar and abdominal flexor/extensor muscle does not have regularity and the distribution is discrete.