无氧运动训练对体育专业大学生心率变异性的影响

Effect of Anaerobic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability of Sports Majors in Colleges and Universities

研究目的:了解无氧运动训练对体育专业大学生心率变异性(heart rate variability, HRV)的影响。研究方法:本研究选取21名体育教育专业大一男生作为研究对象,使用无氧功率自行车(Combi Wellness Power Max-VII,日本)的温盖特(Wingate)模式来进行干预,具体设计两种无氧运动训练方式干预,检测其HRV相关指标,包括:R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、全程相邻R-R间期差的均方根值(RMSSD)、低频输出功率(LF)与高频输出功率(HF)等。研究结果:对两种AET方案运动前后HRV指标进行分析(运动后时域指标SDNN、RMSSD,频域指标LF、HF、LF/HF),运动前HRV时域指标皆无显著性差异(p>0.05);运动后时域指标结果:AET2组SDNN显著高于AET1组(p<0.05);AET2运动后RMSSD显著高于AET1组(p<0.05)。运动前后时域指标结果:两种AET方案运动前后频域指标LF、HF皆无显著性差异(p>0.05);LF/HF在AET2方案运动后显著低于AET1方案(p<0.05)。运动前后非线性指标结果:两种AET方案运动前后频域指标SD1、SD2、SD1/SD2皆无显著性差异(p>0.05)。研究结论:运动后机体的心脏自主神经系统功能活性降低,表现为交感神经系统和副交感神经系统的活性显著降低,并且交感神经和副交感神经两者间的平衡性遭到破坏,平衡性更偏向于交感神经活性占优势。除此之外,AET2方案更能够增加副交感神经的活性,预测在未来对于体育专业大学生的训练中,提高心脏功能可更偏向于AET2效果更为有利。

This paper aims to study the effect of anaerobic exercise training on heart rate variability(HRV)among sports majors.Methods: In this study, 21 first-year male students majoring in sports were selected as the research subjects, using the Wingate mode of the Combi Wellness Power Max-VII(Japan)to intervene, and two anaerobic exercise training methods were designed to detect their HRV-related indicators including R-R interval standard deviation(SDNN), root mean square value(RMSSD)of the whole adjacent R-R interval difference, and low-frequency output power(LF)and high frequency output power(HF)etc.The results showed that the HRV index before and after the movement of the two AET schemes was analyzed, and the time domain indicators SDNN and RMSSD after the exercise, the frequency domain indicators LF, HF, LF/HF, the pre-exercise HRV time domain index was not significantly different(p>0.05)compared with the two AET exercise schemes, and the post-exercise time domain index results were that the SDNN of AET2 group was significantly higher than that of AET1 group(p<0.05);and the RMSSD after AET2 exercise was significantly higher than that of AET1 group(p<0.05).The results of the time domain index before and after the exercise were that there was no significant difference between the frequency domain indexes LF and HF before and after the two AET schemes(p>0.05);LF/HF was significantly lower than that of the AET1 scheme(p<0.05)after the AET2 scheme exercise.Results of nonlinear index before and after movement: There was no significant difference between the frequency domain indexes SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 before and after the movement of the two AET schemes(p>0.05).Conclusions: After exercise, the functional activity of the autonomic nervous system of the heart is reduced, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, and the balance between the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve is destroyed, and its balance is biased towards the dominant sympathetic activity.In addition, the AET2 protocol can increase the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is predicted that in the future training of sports students, improving cardiac function can be more favorable to the AET2 effect.