隔代抚养下的社区公共游乐设施包容性探究

Inclusiveness of Community Public Recreation Facilities in the Context of Intergenerational Rearing

目的 在人口老龄化日益加剧、国家实施“三胎政策”的时代背景下,“隔代抚养”现象日益增多。我国大部分城市社区游乐设施在形式上缺乏创新,在功能上无法满足代际互动的需求,隔代抚养背景下的社区游乐设施亟待改善。旨在探究社区公共游乐设施的包容性设计方法,提出满足隔代互动需求的社区公共游乐设施设计策略,使其符合祖孙两代人的使用需求与情感需求。方法 通过对我国合肥市部分社区公共游乐设施的现状,以及老人、儿童在游乐设施中的行为模态进行调研分析,可以发现,当下社区公共游乐设施在互动性、包容性及情感性等方面存在不足。研究老年人与儿童的生理和心理特点,提取隔代抚养背景下的游乐设施设计需求,以包容性设计理论为指导,从安全性、功能性和情感性3个方面,提出隔代抚养背景下的游乐设施设计策略,打破成人活动区和幼儿娱乐区的物理区隔,打造祖孙共享的、可实现行为和情感互动的新型游乐设施。最后通过设计实践对设计策略进行验证。结论 在社区公共游乐设施建设中融入互动和共情理念,可有效整合社会资源,有利于促进代际和谐。

Under the background of the increasingly intensified aging population and the implementation of the "three-child policy" introduced by the government, the phenomenon of "intergenerational support" is ever-increasing.However, most of the urban community amusement facilities in our country lack innovation in form and cannot meet the needs of intergenerational interaction in function. In other words, community amusement facilities in the context of intergenerational support need to be improved urgently. This paper aims to explore the inclusive design method of community public amusement facilities, and propose a design strategy for community public amusement facilities that meets the interaction between generations, making it meet the physical and emotional needs of both grandparents and grandchildren.By investigating and analyzing the status quo of public amusement facilities in some communities in Hefei, Anhui province, China, and the behavior patterns of the elderly and children in the amusement facilities, it is found that the current public amusement facilities in the community are insufficient in terms of interaction, tolerance and emotion. Study the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly and children, and extract the design requirements of amusement facilities in the context of intergenerational rearing. Then, guided by the inclusive design theory, put forward amusement in the context of intergenerational rearing from three aspects: safety, functionality and emotion. The facility design strategy breaks the physical separation between adult activity area and the children’s one and creates a new type of amusement facility for grandparents and grandchildren to interact with each other in behavior and emotion. Finally, the design strategy is verified through design practice. The construction of community public recreational facilities in the context of intergenerational rearing is feasible. Incorporating the concept of interaction and empathy into the construction of community public recreational facilities is conducive to promoting intergenerational harmony and the effective integration of social resources.