珠海市常住居民健康素养水平与吸烟行为关系研究

Study on the Relationship Between Health Literacy and Smoking Behavior of Permanent Residents in Zhuhai

目的 了解珠海市常住居民健康素养现状和吸烟流行特征及相关关系,为制定控烟和健康干预策略提供科学依据。方法 于2017年5月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法对常住珠海市3909名15~69岁居民进行吸烟现状、健康素养的3个维度(基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能)以及6个方面(科学健康观、传染病防治素养、慢性病防治素养、安全与急救素养、健康信息素养)开展问卷调查。结果 珠海市居民健康素养水平达标率为23.82%;不同性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭人口数、家庭年收入的居民健康素养水平达标率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);珠海市居民吸烟率为28.47%;不同性别、文化程度、年龄、户籍、家庭收入吸烟率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,居民健康素养水平、基本知识和理念、健康技能、科学健康观、传染病防治素养、安全与急救素养、健康信息素养与吸烟率有关(P<0.05);健康方式行为、慢性病防治素养及基本医疗素养与吸烟率无关(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入,是否具备健康素养、科学健康观、健康信息素养是居民吸烟行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 珠海市居民吸烟率处于较高水平,性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入及健康素养、科学健康观、健康信息素养是居民吸烟行为相关影响因素,应针对烟草流行特征及影响因素采取重点干预措施,以确保控烟工作效果。

Objective To investigate the status quo of health literacy and smoking prevalence among permanent residents in Zhuhai city,and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of tobacco control and health intervention strategies.Methods In May 2017,a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on smoking status,three dimensions of health literacy(basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,basic skills) and six aspects(scientific health concept,infectious disease prevention literacy,chronic disease prevention literacy,safety and first aid literacy,health information literacy) among 3909 residents aged 15-69 years in Zhuhai.Results Zhuhai residents health literacy level compliance rate was 23.82%;there were statistically significant differences in the compliance rate of health literacy level among different genders,ages,educational levels,family population and annual household income( P<0.05).Zhuhai residents smoking rate was 28.47%;there were statistically significant differences in smoking rates of different genders,educational levels,ages,household registration and household income(P <0.05).Univariate analysis showed that residents ’ health literacy level,basic knowledge and concept,health skills,scientific health concept,infectious disease prevention literacy,safety and first aid literacy,health information literacy were related to smoking rate(P <0.05);health behavior,chronic disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy were not related to smoking rate( P >0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,family income,health literacy,scientific health concept and health information literacy were the influencing factors of smoking behavior(P<0.05).Conclusion The smoking rate of zhuhai residents is at a high level.Gender,age,education level,family income,health literacy,scientific health view and health information literacy are the influencing factors of smoking behavior of residents.Key intervention measures should be taken according to the characteristics of tobacco epidemic and influencing factors to ensure the effect of tobacco control.