数字普惠金融农村减贫效应的传导机制与实证检验

Transmission Mechanism and Empirical Test of Rural Poverty Reduction Effect of Digital Inclusive Finance

数字普惠金融一直被视为缓解农村贫困、促进社会公平的重要机制。论文基于31个省2011-2018年的面板数据,对数字普惠金融发展缓解农村贫困的总体效应及作用机制进行实证检验。研究表明:在总体上,数字普惠金融具有显著的农村减贫效应,使用深度分指数的减贫效应最显著;从传导途径看,数字普惠金融通过经济增长效应、收入分配效应这两个途径来缓解农村贫困;数字普惠金融的农村减贫效应具有经济发展以及产业结构的门槛效应,当经济发展水平超过门槛值时,数字普惠金融的农村减贫效应得到了显著提高;当第二、三产业的比重逐步上升时,数字普惠金融的农村减贫效应呈现出先减弱后增强的态势。利用数字普惠金融缓解农村地区贫困状况应完善农村地区的数字普惠金融基础设施,提高金融服务的可获得性,促进经济发展、优化产业结构,实现农村居民的减贫增收。

Digital inclusive finance has been regarded as an important mechanism to alleviate rural poverty and promote social equity. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces from 2011 to 2018, this paper empirically tests the overall effect and mechanism of digital financial inclusion development on alleviating rural poverty. The research shows that, on the whole, digital inclusive finance has a significant effect on rural poverty reduction, and the effect of the depth of use is the most significant among the three dimensions of the index. From the perspective of transmission path, digital inclusive finance alleviates rural poverty through economic growth effect and income distribution effect. The rural poverty reduction effect of digital inclusive finance has the threshold effect of economic development and the threshold effect of industrial structure. When the level of economic development exceeds the threshold value, the rural poverty reduction effect of digital inclusive finance has been significantly improved. When the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries gradually rises, the effect of digital inclusive finance on rural poverty reduction shows a trend of weakening first and then strengthening. This paper holds that the development of digital inclusive finance is an effective way to alleviate poverty in rural areas, and it is necessary to improve the infrastructure of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, improve the availability of financial services, promote economic development, optimize the industrial structure, and achieve poverty reduction and income increase of rural residents.