粮食安全视角的水稻收入保险创新发展研究

Research on Innovative Development of Rice Income Insurance From the Perspective of Food Security

粮食安全关乎国计民生和社会稳定,事关国家经济发展战略、安全战略和国际粮食产业竞争战略能否实现。水稻收入保险作为水稻经营主体转移风险的重要工具,能够及时补偿因自然灾害导致的产量下降或市场价格下跌,以及产量价格共同变动导致的收入损失。论文分析了水稻收入保险与粮食安全战略之间的内在联系,通过借鉴国际农业收入保险的发展经验,分析我国水稻收入保险试点的现状,从保险主体、水稻经营主体和政府三方面指出其存在保险产品设计不精确、保险服务水平薄弱、农户投保意愿低、道德风险与保险欺诈频发、政府财政补贴压力大和配套机制不完善等发展问题。最后提出完善险种设计,持续推进“价补分离”改革、提升水稻经营主体投保意愿,积极应用保险科技、打通水稻收入保险全流程服务,尽快优化财政补贴机制,构建多层次保险组织架构等加快我国水稻收入保险发展、保障粮食安全战略实现的发展建议。

Food security is related to the national economy,people’s livelihood and social stability,and is related to whether the national economic development strategy,security strategy and international food industry competition strategy can be realized.As an important tool for rice business entities to transfer risks,rice income insurance can promptly compensate for the income loss caused by the decline in production due to natural disasters or the drop in market prices,or the joint changes in production and prices.This article analyzes the internal connection between rice income insurance and food security strategies.By drawing on the development experience of international agricultural income insurance,a comparison with the current situation of rice income insurance pilots in China is formed.From the three aspects of insurance entities,rice business entities,and the government,it has pointed out that there are development problems such as inaccurate insurance product design,weak insurance service level,low willingness of farmers to apply for insurance,frequent moral hazards and insurance fraud,high pressure on government financial subsidies,and imperfect supporting mechanisms.And puts forward policy recommendations for accelerating the development of China’s rice income insurance and ensuring the realization of food security strategies,which include strenuously perfecting the insurance design accurately hitting the risk needs of insured farmers,focusing on improving service levels,coping with the complex and changeable rice planting situation,continuing to promote the reform of "price-compensation separation",increasing the willingness of rice business entities to pay for insurance,actively applying insurance technology,and opening up rice income insurance Full-process service,optimize the financial subsidy mechanism as soon as possible,ease the financial pressure of farmers and local governments,continuously improve supporting mechanisms,and build a multi-level insurance organization structure.