稻田养殖克氏原螯虾中甲基汞的污染特征与食用安全风险评估

Methylmercury pollution characteristics of Procambarus clarkia cultured in ricefiled and its food safety risk assessment

目的 探讨我国主产区的稻田养殖克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)甲基汞(methylmercury,MeHg)累积情况与食用安全风险。方法 利用高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,HPLC-AFS)分析了湖北、湖南和安徽3省9个地市生产的127份稻田养殖克氏原螯虾肌肉样品的MeHg含量。采用单因子污染指数(single-element pollution indices,Pi)和每周可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)、目标危害商值(target hazard quotient,THQ)法分别评价了其污染程度和食用安全性。结果 MeHg的检出率达93.7%,含量范围为0~0.313 mg/kg,所有样品的MeHg含量均未超出国家标准限量值;不同地区稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的MeHg污染程度排序为:湖南>安徽>湖北。膳食暴露评估结果表明成人每周摄入量(estimated weekly intakes,EWI)低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的联合专家委员会(Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives,JECFA)推荐的食品添加剂的PTWI。结论 所有稻田养殖克氏原螯虾样品的THQ均小于1,介于0.044~0.328之间,表明摄入这些地区稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的MeHg暴露风险较低。

Objective To explore the accumulation of methylmercury(MeHg) and food safety risk of Procambarus clarkii cultured in ricefield in China’s main producing areas. Methods The MeHg content of 127 farmed Procambarus clarkii from 9 cities in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui Provinces was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HPLC-AFS). The pollution levels and potential health risks were estimated by single-element pollution indices(Pi), provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI) and target hazard quotient(THQ), respectively. Results The detection rate of MeHg was 93.7%, the content ranges were 0-0.313 mg/kg, and the MeHg content of all samples did not exceed the national standard limit value;the order of MeHg pollution degree of Procambarus clarkii cultured in ricefiled from different regions were as follows:Hunan>Anhui>Hubei. Dietary exposure assessment results indicated that the estimated weekly intakes(EWI) of adults were lower than the PTWI of food additives recommended by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA). Conclusion THQ values of all samples of Procambarus clarkii cultured in ricefiled are less than 1, ranging from 0.044 to 0.328, indicating that the exposure risk of MeHg of Procambarus clarkii cultured in ricefiled in these areas is low.