廉租住房居民的时空间行为特征——以福州市橘园洲社区为例

Temporal and Spatial Behavior Characteristics of Low-Rent Housing Residents:A Case Study of the Juyuanzhou Community in Fuzhou

基于2020年12月福州市橘园洲社区居民的问卷调查结果与48 h活动日志,结合时间地理学理论,采用GIS 95%标准置信椭圆、点密度与叠置分析方法,从微观个体角度研究保障性住房居民工作日与休息日的工作、购物、休闲3类活动的空间特征及其对附近空间的利用情况,并使用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果表明:1)案例社区居民在工作日与休息日的活动空间差异较大,休息日居民内部差异大于工作日。2)从不同活动类型看,工作日活动内部差异性较小,整体呈现通勤距离短、依赖社区周边的特性;购物与休闲活动在工作日依赖社区周边,而在休息日均具有明显的空间拓展,且出行人数呈距离衰减。3)居民工作日活动受通勤距离、年龄与收入的显著影响,休息日活动受收入、家庭结构与文化程度的显著影响。4)与一线城市保障性住房选址在城市边缘集中的趋势不同,福州市仍有足够的空间使保障性住房的选址相对均衡。

Housing has always been a hot issue in various disciplines.Only when people live in peace can they be happy to work and achieve sustainable economic and social development.In recent years,the construction of a large number of subsidized housing communities has provided material protection for low-and middle-income groups,achieving initial results.However,problems in the construction of supporting facilities and site selection have become increasingly prominent.Therefore,it is important to study the spatial characteristics of the daily activities of the residents of affordable housing to better understand their daily needs and promote the development of affordable housing.Taking a typical community of low-cost housing in Fuzhou City as an example,this study used data from a questionnaire survey and 48 h activity log survey in December 2020,and combined in-depth interview materials from typical samples as the database for this study.Based on the theory of time geography,this study investigated the temporal and spatial behavior characteristics of low-rent housing residents from a microscopic perspective.With the help of GIS visualization techniques,such as 95%standard confidence ellipse,point density analysis,and overlay analysis methods,this study adopted a hybrid analysis method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to study the spatial characteristics of three types of activities of working,shopping,and leisure of low-rent housing residents on one weekday and one rest day and their use of nearby space from the perspective of micro-individuals,and analyzed their influencing factors using multiple linear regression.The results showed that 1)there is a big difference between the activity space of residents in the case community on weekdays and rest days.The activity space of the sample was more fixed on weekdays,and the working and shopping activities were more dependent on the Juyuanzhou area.On the rest days,the average area of the residents'activity space was four times larger than that on weekdays.Residents needed to use a larger area to meet their shopping and leisure needs,and there were greater internal differences among the samples.2)Residents had relatively small internal differences in work activities,and their workplaces were mainly distributed in the Juyuanzhou area,with a strong dependence on the Juyuanzhou area.The area of activity space was significantly positively influenced by the residents'income,age and work commute distance.3)Influenced by residents'travel intentions,there was a big difference between residents'shopping and leisure activities between weekdays and rest days.Workdays relied more on the surroundings of the community,while on the rest days,the internal differences in the resident sample increased.Both shopping and leisure spaces had a significant tendency to expand and decay in distance.Shopping and leisure activities were concentrated within 500 m on weekdays and extended to 5 km on rest days.A comparative analysis with the conclusions of related studies revealed the following significant characteristics of low-rent housing residents in Fuzhou:1)Short commuting distances to work and dependence on community surroundings.2)Compared with weekdays,the proportion and space scope of residents'rest days for shopping and leisure activities increased significantly,but the spatial scope of activities was still limited due to the limitation of transportation.Unlike the trend of positioning subsidized housing in first-tier cities,such as Beijing and Shanghai,at the edge of the city,Fuzhou has a large space for inner-city renewal and suburban development,and still has enough space to make the siting of subsidized housing relatively balanced.Finally,in view of the existing problems of the case community,some reference measures are provided for the optimization of low-rent housing from two aspects:planning and construction and community building.