甜菊糖苷单体制备研究进展

Recent Progress in the Preparation of Steviol Glycoside Monomers

甜菊糖是继蔗糖和甜菜糖之外的世界第三糖源,是从甜叶菊中提取分离得到的低热量、高甜度的糖苷类化合物。甜菊糖大约含有80%以上的甜菊糖苷,甜菊糖苷组分复杂,包含多种单体,目前已知的有40多种,常见的有莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷E、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷M、杜克苷A、甜菊苷、甜茶苷、甜菊双糖苷等。甜菊糖苷单体用途多种多样,可单独作为食品添加剂,生理活性成分及单体转化的媒介等,是具有良好发展前景的物质,实现甜菊糖苷单体分离纯化及制备,是近几年的研究热点之一。因此对近几年国内外甜菊糖苷利用化学法和生物合成与转化法等相关的途径实现单体制备进行论述,为甜菊糖苷单体实现大规模生产应用提供理论依据和支撑。

Stevia is the world’s third most common sugar source after sucrose and beet sugar. It is a low-calorie,high-sweetness glycoside compound extracted from Stevia rebaudiana. Stevia contains more than 80% steviol glycosides. The components of steviol glycosides are complex and they contain a variety of monomers. There are currently more than 40 known steviol glycosides,but the most common ones are rebaudioside A,rebaudioside B,rebaudioside C,rebaudioside D,rebaudioside E,rebaudioside F,rebaudioside M,dukside A,stevioside,rubusoside,and stevioside. Steviol glycoside monomers have various uses. For example,they can be used alone as food additives,as physiologically active ingredients,or in monomer conversion media. As steviol glycoside monomers have good development prospects,their separation,purification,and preparation have been the focus of research in recent years. This article discusses the use of chemical,biosynthesis,and transformation methods of steviol glycoside monomer preparation in local and international studies in recent years. Moreover,it provides the theoretical basis and support for the large-scale production and application of steviol glycoside monomers.