江苏省扬州市小学生视力和色觉现状调查

Visual acuity and color vision of primary school pupils in Yangzhou, Jiangsu

目的 调查并分析江苏省扬州市小学生视力和色觉现状,为儿童视力健康相关政策及干预提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样法抽取扬州市市区及乡镇共7所小学的7 471名1~6年级小学生,检测其视力及色觉情况,描述性分析视力低下、色弱和色盲患病率,χ2检验、非参数检验分析组间差异。结果 小学生视力低下率为44.77%,配镜率为13.08%,高年级小学生视力低下率和配镜率随年级升高而增高;女生高于男生,市区高于乡镇。小学生色觉异常发生率分别为1.98%,男、女生色觉异常发生率分别是3.36%和0.50%。结论 扬州市高年级小学生视力低下率随年级增加显著增加,女生高于男生,市区高于乡镇。小学生色觉异常呈低流行,男生显著高于女生特点。应尽早指导家长和学校关注儿童视力健康,尽早开展儿童视力健康指导及干预,以减低小学生视力低下风险。

Objective To investigate and analyze the current status of visual acuity and color vision of primary school pupils in Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, and provide evidence for policymaking and interventions for children vision health.Methods A total of 7 471 pupils from grade 1 to grade 6 were selected by stratified cluster sampling in 7 primary schools in Yangzhou for visual acuity and color vision tests to understand the prevalence of poor eyesight, color amblyopia and achromatopsia by ophthalmologists. Results Among the primary school pupils, 44.77% had poor eyesight and 13.08% wore glasses. The rates of poor eyesight and glass wearing increased with the grade rising in higher grade pupils. The rates of poor eyesight and glass wearing were significantly higher in urban pupils than in rural pupils. More girls had poor eyesight compared with boys. The incidence rate of color vision deficiency was 1.98% in the primary school pupils, and it was 3.36% in boys and was 0.50% in girls. Conclusion In the primary schools in Yangzhou, the prevalence of poor eyesight increased with grade rising in high grade pupils, and it was higher in girls and in urban area. Color vision deficiency existed in pupils, but the prevalence was significantly higher in boys. It is necessary to suggest parents and teachers to pay attention to the vision health of children and conduct early vision health intervention to reduce the risk for poor eyesight in pupils.