我国氢动力船舶创新发展研究

Innovative Developmental of Hydrogen-Powered Ships in China

航运业迅猛发展促使传统船舶的能耗与环境问题日益显现,氢动力船舶作为未来水路交通载运工具的发展方向之一将是实现水路交通领域碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要依托,因而研究我国氢动力船舶创新发展具有迫切性。本文梳理了氢动力船舶的发展现状,从氢动力船舶产业链发展态势、协同发展战略布局的视角完成了氢动力船舶产业布局研判;完成了发展氢动力船舶的技术经济可行性分析,覆盖氢和氨燃料、氢燃料电池、氢内燃机、基础设施、总拥有成本等角度;从氢气制取、氢气运输、大容量储氢、安全加氢、燃料电池、氢内燃机、多能源协同控制、氢应用安全等方面系统展开了氢动力船舶产业链关键环节分析。立足国情提出了我国氢动力船舶多阶段发展目标,论证形成了氢动力船舶发展路线图、氢燃料供应体系建设路径。研究建议,明晰应用场景、突破关键技术、完善配套设施、创新运营体系,以此推动我国氢动力船舶快速优质发展。

The rapid development of the shipping industry has made energy consumption and environmental problems of traditional ships increasingly prominent.Hydrogen-powered ships are one of the development directions for waterway transportation vehicles and will play a significant part in achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals in the waterway transportation field.Therefore,it is urgent to research the innovative developmental mode of hydrogen-powered ships in China.The development status of hydrogen-powered ships is summarized in this article,and the layout of the hydrogen-powered ship industry is analyzed from the perspectives of industrial chain development trend and coordinated development layout.The technical and economic feasibility of developing hydrogen-powered ships is analyzed from the aspects of hydrogen and ammonia fuel,hydrogen fuel cell,hydrogen internal combustion engine,infrastructure,and total cost of ownership.Moreover,the key links of the industry chain of hydrogen powered ships are analyzed,including hydrogen production,hydrogen transportation,large-capacity hydrogen storage,safe fueling,fuel cell,hydrogen internal combustion engine,multi-energy collaborative control,and safety in hydrogen application.Based on national conditions,we proposed multi-stage development goals,a development roadmap for hydrogen-powered ships,and a construction path for the hydrogen fuel supply system.To promote the rapid and high-quality development of hydrogen-powered ships,China needs to clarify application scenarios,develop key technologies,improve infrastructure facilities,and innovate operation systems.