中国全球价值链的位置攀升路径:来自制造业数据的实证分析

China’s Global Value Chain Position Improvement:An Empirical Study from Manufacturing Industry

中国制造业如何实现全球价值链的位置攀升是助推制造业转型升级,提高制造业经济利益的重要议题。本文基于WIOD数据库,测算了2000—2014年中国制造业全球价值链的产业上游度,实证考察了中国制造业全球价值链攀升的影响机制。研究结论表明:虽然中国制造业在全球价值链的嵌入程度呈现攀升趋势,但仍处于全球价值链的中低端位置;制造业全样本以及区分行业异质性的实证研究均显示技术进步与制造业全球价值链的位置呈显著的负相关关系。通过提高技术进步,有助于促使中国制造业由价值链上游向价值链下游移动,实现制造业全球价值链由中低端向高端攀升;在控制其他影响因素的基础上,技术进步依然是促使中国制造业全球价值链攀升最为显著的影响因素。因此,在全面推进经济高质量发展的背景下,提高全要素生产率,发展技术进步是当前实现中国制造业全球价值链位置攀升的最根本路径。

How to realize the improvement of global value chain position is an important issue that promotes the transformation and upgrading, and improve the economic benefits of the manufacturing industry in China.Based on the WIOD global input-output table from 2000 to 2014, this paper measures the industrial upstream of the global value chain in China’s manufacturing industry, and empirically analyzes the impact mechanism of global value chain position improvement in China’s manufacturing industry. The results show that : although the global value chain position in China’s manufacturing has been increased, but it is still at the low-end of the global value chain;the full sample and the heterogeneity of different industry both show that there is a significant negative correlation between technological change and the global value chain position. By improving technological change, it helps to promote China’s manufacturing industry to move from the upstream to the downstream of the value chain, and to achieve the manufacturing global value chain from the low-end to the high-end. On the basis of controlling other influencing factors, the improvement of technologic change is still the most significant influencing factor in promoting the global value chain position of China’s manufacturing industry. Therefore, in the context of high-quality economic development, increasing the total factor productivity and developing technological change are the most fundamental path for realize the improvement of the global value chain position.