关于近代中医废存之争的历史考察和思考

The Historical Review and Reflection of the Controversy about the Abolishment and Preservation of Modern Chinese Medicine

西医东渐以来,传统中医受到严重挑战。一些精英知识分子质疑甚至否定中医。以1929年“废止中医案”为例,中医在民国期间甚至出现了生存难题。尽管中医界不断抗争,中央国医馆也于1930年成立,但其抗争逻辑相当程度上受制于以西医为圭臬的社会意识以及既成的公共卫生制度。在近代中国政治、社会和思想发生深刻变化的背景之下,中医总是与西医成对出现,经常对应、时而诘难;西医既刺激又制约着中医事业的发展;中医废存之争超乎了学理、医理、技术等层次,更与国家、社会、民族的命运和前途纠葛在一起。

With the spread of western medicine,Chinese medicine had been seriously challenged.Some elite intellectuals questioned or even denied Chinese medicine.Taking“the abolishing Chinese medicine case”in 1929 as an example,Chinese medicine even faced a survival problem.Although the Chinese medicine circle continued to struggle,and the central pavilion of Chinese Medicine was established in the 1930s,the logic of struggle was largely limited by the social consciousness based on western medicine and the established public health system.Under the background of the profound changes in politics,society and ideology in modern China,Chinese medicine and western medicine always appeared in pairs,often corresponding and sometimes challenging.Western medicine stimulated and restricted the development of Chinese medicine.The dispute over the abolishment and preservation of Chinese medicine went beyond the levels of academic science,medical science and technology,and was more closely related to the fate and future of the country,society and nation.