环境规制在产能过剩治理中能否形成“优质产能”

Can Environmental Regulations Form “High-Quality Production Capacity” in the Management of Overcapacity?

产能过剩是我国经济高质量发展过程中亟须解决的问题。对产能过剩的治理不仅需要在产能的“量”上做减法,同时更应该关注产能“质”的提升。为了探究环境规制能否在削减落后产能的同时促进优质产能的形成,首先,采用数据包络分析(DEA)对2005—2018年中国264个城市的产能利用率进行了估算,结果发现,在这14年里,我国各城市基本处于产能过剩的状态;其次,从稳定增长、技术创新、绿色转型三个维度构造了优质产能综合指数,用于衡量产能质量的提升情况;最后,通过门限回归分析发现,环境规制对产能利用率和优质产能都有正面的促进作用,尤其是“中强”的环境规制能够在削减落后产能的同时促进低端产能向优质产能转型,“强”“中弱”和“弱”的环境规制不利于产能“量”与“质”的协同治理。

Overcapacity is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of high-quality economic development of our country.The management of overcapacity should not only reduce the “quantity ”,but also pay attention to the improvement of the “quality ”of production capacity.In order to explore whether environmental regulations can reduce backward production capacity while promoting the formation of high-quality production capacity,this paper firstly uses data envelopment analysis(DEA) to estimate the capacity utilization rate of 264 cities in China from 2005 to 2018.In the past 14 years,cities in China have basically been in a state of overcapacity.Secondly,this article constructs a comprehensive index of high-quality production capacity from three aspects of stable development,technological innovation,and green transformation to measure the improvement of production quality.Finally,through threshold regression analysis,it is found that environmental regulations have a positive role in promoting capacity utilization and high-quality production capacity.A moderate intensity of environmental regulations can reduce outdated production capacity while promoting the transition from low-quality production capacity to high-quality production capacity.The high-intensity,moderate-weak and weak environmental regulations go against the coordination of quality and quantity in production capacity management.