基于SSR的人参果色种质资源遗传多样性评估

Evaluation of genetic diversity of ginseng fruit color germplasm resources:based on SSR analysis

该研究基于Illumina Xten平台对人参样本进行浅层测序,利用MISA进行SSR位点的筛选,采用Primer 3软件进行SSR引物设计。对180对引物进行多态性引物筛选,从扩增成功的多态性引物中,再选取峰型清晰、多态性好、易于统计的15对引物,对吉林地区36个不同果色的人参样品的遗传多样性和种质资源进行分析。结果显示红果人参遗传多样性较高,其平均等位基因N;、单倍体遗传多样性h分别为1.031、0.172。NJ聚类分析表明红果人参和黄果人参存在明显的种质混杂,粉果人参单独聚为一支,种质资源较为纯化。STRUCTURE结果表明粉果人参中单一基因型的比例较高,红果人参和黄果人参居群内基因型丰富,存在明显的种质混杂。AMOVA分析揭示了人参的遗传变异主要发生在居群内个体间(61.00%,P<0.001),发生在居群间的较少(39%,P<0.001),居群间均质化明显。粉果人参可能蕴藏着稀有基因型,是优质、高产、多抗等新品种选育以及品种遗传改良的基因来源,也是种质资源可持续开发利用的物质基础。

Illumina Xten was employed for shallow sequencing of Panax ginseng(ginseng)samples,MISA for screening of SSR loci,and Primer 3 for primer design.Polymorphic primers were screened from 180 primers.From the successfully amplified polymorphic primers,15 primers which featured clear peak shape,good polymorphism,and ease of statistics were selected and used to evaluate the genetic diversity and germplasm resources of 36 ginseng accessions with different fruit colors from Jilin province.The results showed that red-fruit ginseng population had high genetic diversity with the average number of alleles(N;)of 1.031 and haploid genetic diversity(h)of 0.172.The neighbor-joining cluster analysis demonstrated that the germplasms of red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng populations were obviously intermixed,and pick-fruit ginseng germplasms clustered into a single clade.The results of STRUCTURE analysis showed high proportion of single genotype in pick-fruit ginseng germplasm and abundant genotypes in red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng germplasms with obvious germplasm mixing.AMOVA revealed that genetic variation occurred mainly within populations(62.00%,P<0.001),and rarely among populations(39%,P<0.001),but homogenization was obvious among different populations.In summary,pink-fruit ginseng population may contain rare genotypes,which is the basis for breeding of high-quality high-yield,and multi-resistance varieties,genetic improvement of varieties,and sustainable development and utilization of ginseng germplasm resources.