“看”与“被看”:《天雨花》中的花园与性别角力

“Peeping” and “Being Peeped”:The Garden and Gender Struggles in Tianyuhua

受园林艺术发展的影响,明清小说、戏曲作品中的花园空间逐渐承载了更为丰富的情节。在文本中,围绕“花园”这一私密场景所展开的“看”与“被看”、“入侵”与“保卫”中,呈现更多的是男女间的性别角力,花园空间成为一个角力场。文章用文本细读的方式,对《天雨花》中的花园空间进行分析,藉此观察在明末清初文化背景下的两性矛盾的变化。女性在花园空间的自由逐渐地被压缩、降低,与此同时,儒家传统的伦理道德再度复苏,而男性则借此趋势,完成了对女性从“窥视”到肆无忌惮地“凝视”的递进过程。

Influenced by the development of garden art in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the space of garden in novels and operas gradually began to carry richer plots. The gender struggle between men and women in the texts was shown through “peeping” and “being peeped”, “invading” and “defending” in the private setting of “garden”, which became an arena of wrestling. This paper analyzes the space of “garden”by close-reading Tianyuhua, and observes the changes of gender conflicts in the cultural background of the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. Women’s freedom in the garden space was gradually being compressed and reduced. At the same time, the traditional Confucianism ethics revived. By taking advantage of this trend, men completed the intensified process from “peeping” to “gazing” boldly at women.