城市评比表彰中的引领效应与同侪效应--基于创建国家卫生城市的研究

Leadership Effect and Peer Effect in Competition for Honorary City Titles:Evidence from National Health Cities

以城市治理绩效为主要内容的评比表彰是我国公共治理的重要手段。然而,评比表彰是否具有外溢效应,即获得表彰的城市能否树立治理标杆,并推动其他城市参与评比和改进治理绩效,仍然有待系统的研究。论文在行政竞标制的理论框架下探讨了地方主政官员创建国家卫生城市的激励和行为模式,并从科层组织的理论视角出发,区分了创卫的空间扩散中的引领效应和同侪效应。其中,省会创卫降低了绩效认可的不确定性,因而带动其他城市创卫,产生引领效应;非省会地级市之间的学习和竞争则产生同侪效应。论文采用空间自回归模型和空间杜宾模型,实证分析了2005-2017年间地级市创卫的空间扩散特征,发现评比表彰模式具有显著的空间外溢性。引领效应和同侪效应同时造成创卫的空间扩散。当省会城市的经济体量处在全省首位,创卫的扩散主要来自于引领效应;当省会城市的经济体量不在全省首位,创卫的扩散主要来自于同侪效应。此外,创卫促进了同省内部经济发展水平接近的其他城市改善环境质量。

The competition for and the granting of honorary city titles,such as National Health City,is an important feature of Chinese public administration.But it remains understudied whether winning an honorary city has across-the-board spillover effects on the policies and governance models of other cities.This paper discusses the incentives and behavior of local officials in leading the campaign to create a National Health City(Chuangwei),and distinguishes the leadership effect from the peer effect in Chuangwei's spatial diffusion.It is argued that if a provincial capital city pursues Chuangwei,the incentive uncertainty in performance evaluation is removed,thereby attracting more followers to adopt similar policies and governance models.Using the spatial autoregressive model and the spatial Dubin model,this paper analyzes the spatial diffusion of Chuangwei in prefecture-level cities from 2005 to 2017.We found that Chuangwei had significant spillover effects on other cities in the same province.Moreover,the diffusion of Chuangwei mainly stems from the leadership effect if the provincial capital city's size of GDP ranks first in the province.When the economy of the provincial capital city is not so ranked,the diffusion of Chuangwei stems mainly from the peer effect.In addition,Chuangwei has a positive spillover effect on the environmental quality of peer cities with a similar level of economic development.