冲突和共在——关于萨特和梅洛-庞蒂他人理论的阐述和比较

Conflicts and Co-existence——The Explanation and Comparison of Sartre’s and Merleau-Ponty’s Theory of Others

传统认识论一直对他人问题重视不足,而法国存在主义者开始重视他人问题。他们不仅修正了传统他人观中存在的理论误区,并且努力地将对他人的讨论纳入存在本体论中。萨特和梅洛-庞蒂就是其中的典型人物。萨特从纯粹意识出发来解决他人问题,认为我与他人的原初关系是冲突;而从身体出发来解决他人问题的梅洛-庞蒂却得出了我与他人的原初关系是共在的结论。

Traditional epistemology has always paid insufficient attention to the issue of“others”,while French existentialists began to pay attention to that.They not only corrected the theoretical misunderstanding in the traditional view of others,but also tried to bring the discussion of others into the ontology of existence.Sartre and Merleau Ponty are typical characters.Sartre solves this problem from pure consciousness,and believes that the original relationship between me and others is conflict;Merleau Ponty,who started from the body to solve it,came to the conclusion that my original relationship with others was common.