制度落差对跨国技术转移的影响——基于2009-2019年面板数据分析

The Influence of Institutional Gap on International Technology Transfer:An Analysis Based on Panel Data from 2009 to 2019

国家之间制度差异是跨国技术转移的重要影响因素,现有文献缺乏基于制度距离大小和方向对跨国技术转移的探讨。在将制度落差划分为制度逆差和制度顺差的基础上,依据2009-2019年中国技术引进面板数据,探究制度落差对跨国技术转移的影响,并考察技术来源国创新能力在这一影响过程中的调节作用。研究发现,管制逆差和规范逆差对跨国技术转移具有显著促进作用,技术来源国创新能力有助于增强规范逆差对跨国技术转移的促进作用,而对管制逆差影响跨国技术转移的调节作用不显著;管制顺差和规范顺差对跨国技术转移均有显著阻碍作用,且技术来源国创新能力能够削弱其阻碍作用。研究结论证实制度落差对跨国技术转移具有差异化影响,有助于拓展跨国技术转移研究,并为相关部门从制度落差视角指导中国技术引进实践提供参考。

At present,China's economy has progressed from the high-speed growth stage to the high-quality development stage.It has become vital for accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and improving the economic development quality by promoting scientific and technological development.Generally speaking,technological development level of a country not only depends on the internal technological accumulation,but also needs to obtain advanced technology from abroad.However,the technology has the characteristic of situational embeddedness,and the effective technology transfer depends on the specific situation.Because the technology transferor and recipient are in different institutional environments,institutional distance will inevitably influence international technology transfer.Therefore,it has become an urgent practical problem to clarify the relationship between institutional distance and international technology transfer.The existing literature discusses the influence factors of international technology transfer from different perspectives,but there is a lack of empirical research from the perspective of institutional distance.In addition,institutional distance is not only different in size,but also in direction.On the basis of incorporating the direction attribute into institutional distance to form institutional gap,it is necessary to further explore the impact of the institutional gap on international technology transfer and the innovation capacity of technology exporting countries.In view of this,the paper uses the panel data of China’s technology introduction from 2009 to 2019 to carry out empirical research from the perspective of technology recipient.The paper divides institutional gap into institutional deficit and institutional surplus,explores their influences on international technology transfer respectively,and examines the moderation effect of innovation capability of technology export country.It is concluded that firstly the influences of institutional deficit and institutional surplus on international technology transfer show directional difference,and there is no dimensional difference.Specifically,both regulative deficit and normative deficit are conducive to international technology transfer,that is,the larger the institutional deficit,the easier the international technology transfer is;both regulative surplus and normative surplus are not conducive to international technology transfer.Secondly,innovation capability of technology export country can enhance the promotion effect of normative deficit on international technology transfer,and weaken the hindrance effect of regulative surplus and normative surplus,but the moderation effect of innovation capability of technology export country in the influence of regulative deficit on international technology transfer is not significant.The results of this paper confirm that institutional gaps in different directions have different influences on international technology transfer,and improve the research on the antecedents of international technology transfer in institutional difference.At the same time,they verify the moderation effect of innovation capability of technology export country as a situational factor,reflect the differential influences of the matching between institutional gaps in different dimensions and innovation capability of technology export country on international technology transfer,and deepen the research in relevant fields.This paper puts forward the following policy suggestions.Firstly,relevant departments should distinguish the influences of different institutional gaps and promote international technology transfer.In the case of institutional deficit,relevant departments should guide enterprises to actively conduct self-examination,and timely adjust their own conduct codes on the basis of fully learning and being familiar with the institution of technology export country,so as to ensure the smooth progress of international technology transfer.At the same time,they should guide enterprises to strengthen the communication and exchange with enterprises of technology export country,timely obtain the advanced technology of technology export country,and realize the leverage development.In the case of institutional surplus,relevant departments should actively guide enterprises to fully understand the institutional environment of technology export country,make use of their own institutional advantages,change strategies in time,establish stable cooperative relationship combining with past experience,avoid the risk and cost of technology transfer caused by institutional gap,and steadily promote international technology transfer.Secondly,relevant departments should pay attention to innovation capability of technology export country and promote technology introduction combining with different institutional gaps.On the one hand,they should improve the comprehensive evaluation system of innovation capability of technology export country,provide accurate evaluation data for enterprises in time,and guide enterprises to pay attention to cutting-edge technologies in relevant fields.On the other hand,they should take a variety of measures according to local condition to improve the success rate of international technology transfer combining with the institutional gap.