开放型技术双元促进中国制造业全球价值链攀升了吗——基于微观数据的实证检验

Does the Open Technology Dualism Promote the Global Value Chain of Chinese Manufacturing Industry:An Empirical Test Based on Micro-data

以2008—2018年中国制造业13个子行业1853家企业微观数据为基础,构建Translog模型,分析开放型技术双元及其不同技术组合对中国制造业全球价值链(GVC)攀升的异质性影响。结果表明,企业有效平衡与吸收开放型技术双元形成的协同效应,能够降低进口竞争引致的要素替代成本,促进中国制造业GVC攀升向高技术探索与开发组合的内生驱动转化。技术开发成为中国制造业GVC攀升的充要条件,技术探索为充分不必要条件。在竞争效应和协同效应双重作用下,内资企业高技术开发组合成为推动中国制造业价值链攀升的主要驱动力,受技术门槛和技术控制约束,技术探索只有在内资企业具有足够开发能力时才能对价值链攀升产生显著影响。异质性双元组合催生形成中国制造业GVC攀升的多元化路径。劳动密集型行业依赖进口竞争攀升的低技术双元特征;资本密集型行业较高的外资吸收效率对母国开发与跨国开发技术组合吸收更具适应性,呈现出显著的市场竞争攀升特征;技术密集型行业积极的母国探索倾向与较高的技术开发能力形成技术协同攀升特征。

In the past two decades,the liberalization of trade and investment has led to the formation of a highly fragmented and complex global market structure in international commerce in terms of organization and space.Businesses are getting closer.However,in recent years,China’s manufacturing industry has been under the dual pressure of high-end repatriation from developed countries and low-end erosion from developing countries,andit is up against the risk of falling into the bottom of the“smile curve”of the value chain,which has been intensified.Therefore,it has become the key to stabilizing the growth of the national economy and continuously improving the country’s competitive position by enhancing the innovation capabilities of manufacturing enterprises.On the basis of reviewing the wayby which all major market countries climbed in the global value chain from the relative price of production materials,tariffs,investment and other factors in the early stage to comprehensive factors such as technology,system,and learning network,this paper takes technological innovation as the connotation.From the theoretical perspective of the dynamic endogenous driving theoretical system of GVC,this study is focused on the breakthrough of the endogenous problem of the substitution relationship between domestic and foreign production factors based on added value,exploring the internal mechanism of technological innovation.,integration and absorption of Chinese manufacturing enterprises under the background of dual cycle from the relationship between the acquisition of innovation ability of heterogeneous technology enterprises and domestic added value to improve the global value chain of Chinese manufacturing.In this regard,this paper builds a Translog model by endogenizing the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign materials,and incorporates the dual elements of domestic added value,home country technology and transnational technology into a unified analysis framework.The study selects sample data from the period of 2008 to 2018.The micro data of 1853 manufacturing sample enterprises in 13 sub-sectors of China’s manufacturing industry objectively reflect the promoting and inhibiting effects of home-country technology duality and multinational technology duality on the rise of China’s manufacturing global value chain,accordingly it further differentiates the heterogeneous effects of different technology combinations on domestic added value of different enterprises.The study found thatthe synergistic effect formed by the effective balance and absorption of open technologies by enterprises can reduce the cost of factor substitution caused by import competition,and promote the endogenous transformation of China’s manufacturing GVC to high-tech exploration and development combinations.Technology development has become China’s endogenous driving force.The“sufficient and necessary conditions”for the rise of GVC in the manufacturing industry are“sufficient and necessary conditions”for technological exploration.Under the dual effects of competition and synergy,the high-tech development portfolio of domestic-funded enterprises has become the main driving force for the rise of China’s manufacturing value chain.Constrained by technical thresholds and technical control,technological exploration can only be carried out when domestic-funded enterprises have sufficient development capabilities.Climbing has a significant impact.A heterogeneous combination of duality promotes the formation of a diversified path for China’s manufacturing GVC growth:labor-intensive industries rely on low-tech dual characteristics of rising import competition,and capital-intensive industries have higher foreign capital absorption efficiency.The combination of development and cross-border development technology is more adaptable to absorb,showing a significant feature of rising market competition and technology-intensive industries’active home country exploration tendency and high technology development capability form the feature of technology synergistic rise.