氮气气调对鲜食花生采后品质的影响研究

Effect of nitrogen modified atmosphere on the postharvest quality of fresh edible peanuts

气调包装(MAP)在生鲜农产品贮藏保鲜中具有良好的应用效果,氮气(N_(2))作为安全绿色的惰性气体在气调包装中已被广泛使用。为抑制鲜食花生的采后品质劣变,延长货架期,采用不同的N_(2)浓度(99%N_(2)、95%N_(2)和90%N_(2))对鲜食花生进行气调包装处理,以空气包装的鲜食花生为对照(CK),置于低温(4℃)下储藏30d,定期取样观察花生仁的表面褐变情况,并对其硬度、呼吸速率、发芽率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、感官品质及花生的细菌和霉菌菌落总数进行测定与分析。结果表明,90%N_(2)处理能有效抑制鲜食花生呼吸速率和MDA含量的上升、发芽率的下降以及微生物的生长繁殖,延缓果实软化和褐变,并使鲜食花生保持良好的感官品质。贮藏30 d后,90%N_(2)处理组中鲜食花生的硬度和发芽率分别是CK组的1.16和1.67倍,呼吸速率和MDA含量分别是CK组的65.38%和74.76%,且其色泽、滋味、组织形态、口感和气味的感官评分分别为4.39、4.15、4.36、4.13和4.15,明显高于其他组。因此,在低温条件下,90%N_(2)气调处理能有效保持鲜食花生的采后品质,是一种较为理想的采后短期贮藏方法。

Modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)has a good application effect in the storage and preservation of fresh agricultural products.Nitrogen(N_(2)),a safe and green inert gas,has been widely used in MAP.In order to inhibit the postharvest quality deterioration and prolong the shelf life,fresh edible peanuts were treated by modified atmosphere packaging with different nitrogen concentrations(99% N_(2),95% N_(2) and 90% N_(2)),stored at low temperature(4℃)for 30 days,and controlled by air packaging treatment(CK)under the same conditions.The surface browning,hardness,respiration rate,germination rate,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and sensory quality of fresh edible peanuts kernels and the total number of bacteria and mold colonies in fresh edible peanuts were determined and analyzed regularly.The results showed that 90% N_(2) treatment could effectively inhibit the increase of respiration rate and MDA content,the decrease of germination percentage and the growth and reproduction of microorganisms,delay fruit softening and browning,and maintain good sensory quality of fresh edible peanuts.After storage for 30 days,the hardness and germination percentage of fresh edible peanuts in 90%N_(2) treatment group were 1.16-fold and 1.67-fold of those in CK group,and the respiration rate and MDA content were 65.38% and 74.76% of those in CK group,respectively.The sensory scores of color,taste,tissue morphology,mouth-feel and smell on day 30 in 90% N_(2) treatment group were 4.39,4.15,4.36,4.13 and 4.15,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in other groups.In conclusion,at low temperature,90% N_(2) modified atmosphere packaging treatment can effectively maintain the postharvest quality of fresh edible peanuts,which is an ideal short-term storage method.