从集体成员权到法人成员权——农村集体经济组织法人成员权的内容构造

Members’Rights from Farmers’Collective Membership To Legal Person Membership of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

相关政策和法律文件中,对农村村民存在“农村集体经济组织成员”和“农民集体成员”两种表述。实际上,“农民集体”与“农村集体经济组织”并非同一概念,前者性质上属于总有团体,后者则属于集体财产所有权行使主体,但在相关政策性文件在成员权益方面并未对二者作出明确区分。农村集体经济组织法人成员权与农民集体成员权之间既有联系,也有区别。农民集体成员权中的自益权即财产性权利,其中包括集体土地占有使用权、集体财产收益权、集体剩余财产分配权;共益权即非财产性权利,其中包括决策参与权和监督权。农民集体成员作为农村集体经济组织特别法人成员,除享有原“农民集体”成员的自益权和共益权外,还应享有选举权与被选举权、发展股认购权、招标项目优先承担权、股东诉权等权利。

"Farmer collective"and"rural collective economic organization"are not of the same concept.The former belongs to a gesamteigentum group in nature,but the relevant policy documents do not make a clear distinction between the two in terms of members’rights and interests.The property rights in the collective membership rights of farmers include the right to occupy and use collective land,the right to benefit from collective property,and the right to distribute the remaining collective property.The non-property rights include the right to participate in decision-making and the right to supervise.As a legal person member of a rural collective economic organization,farmers’collective members shall enjoy the right to vote and be elected,the right to subscribe for development shares,the right to take priority in undertaking projects,and the right of shareholders to appeal.