元宇宙的法律问题及解决路径的体系化探究

Systematic Exploration of Legal Problems and Aolutions in the Metaverse

元宇宙逐渐从概念变为现实,需要对已经或将要产生的法律问题进行研究。“元宇宙”是一个由技术集群之间融合形成的物理和数字的虚拟环境,其不仅具有空间属性,同时兼具时间属性。它的发展需要经过数字孪生、数字原生,以及现实与虚拟共存三个阶段,不同阶段下产生的法律问题不同。对于元宇宙引发的法律问题,主要分为公法和私法两个层面:公法层面主要包括刑法、社会法以及经济法问题;私法层面则体现为虚拟形象、知识产权、财产权、隐私,以及个人信息等具体问题。以此为基础,应当以治理体系为框架,构建公私法并存且协同的二元法律体系,以监管为核心手段,协调法律与技术的关系,探寻解决问题的系统性路径。

The metaverse gradually moves from concept to reality,requiring the study of legal issues that have arisen or will arise.The metaverse is a physical and digital virtual environment facilitated by the convergence of technology clus⁃ters,with both spatial and temporal attributes.Its development needs to go through three stages:digital twin,digital original and the coexistence of reality and virtuality,and different legal problems arise in different stages.The legal problems caused by the metaverse can be divided into public law and private law.The public law mainly includes criminal law,social law and economic law.Private law is embodied in virtual image,intellectual property rights,prop⁃erty rights,privacy and personal information and other specific issues.On this basis,we should take the governance system as the framework to build a dual legal system in which public and private laws coexist and cooperate,take su⁃pervision as the core means to coordinate the relationship between law and technology,and look into the systematic path to solve problems.