行政审批制度改革能否提升企业家精神?

Can Administrative Approval System Reform Promote Entrepreneurship?

中国经济高质量发展的关键在于企业家精神,而企业家精神的激发需要依靠制度环境的改善。以中国各地行政审批中心的成立为准自然实验,利用1999—2015年地级市面板数据,系统考察了行政审批制度改革对企业家精神的影响。研究发现:行政审批制度改革对企业家创业精神和创新精神具有显著的正向影响,主要通过降低企业制度性交易成本和改善融资约束两个渠道激发企业家精神。异质性分析表明:相比南方地区,北方地区行政审批制度改革对企业家精神的影响更加显著;行政审批中心提升了北方地区的企业家精神;政策效果受到城市行政等级和地区经济差异的影响,行政审批制度改革显著提升了一般行政等级城市和经济欠发达城市的企业家精神。为激发企业家精神,政府需要进一步转变职能、简政放权、缓解企业融资约束、营造良好的市场竞争环境。研究结论为进一步推动行政体制改革、激发市场活力提供了政策依据。

The key to high-quality development of China's economy lies in entrepreneurship,and the stimulation of entrepreneurship needs to rely on institutional environmentimprovement.Taking the establishment of local administrative approval centers as a quasi natural experiment,this paper systematically investigates the impact of the administrative approval system reform on entrepreneurship by using the panel data of prefecture level cities from 1999 to 2015.Research shows that the administrative approval system reform has a significant positive role in promoting entrepreneurship and innovation.The impact path mainly includes two channels:reducing enterprise institutional transaction costs and improving financing constraints.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the establishment of administrative approval center has effectively improved the entrepreneurial spirit in northern China.In addition,the policy effect is also affected by urban administrative level and regional economic differences.The administrative approval system reform has significantly improved the entrepreneurship of general administrative level cities and economically underdeveloped cities.In order to better stimulate entrepreneurship,it is necessary to change government functions further,simplify administration and delegate power,alleviate enterprise financing constraints,and create a good market competition environment for enterprise development.The research provides a policy basis for further promoting the reform of administrative system and releasing the vitality of the market.