中国煤层气与页岩气产业发展比较

Comparison of the Industrial Development of China’s Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas

作为非常规天然气的主要构成部分,煤层气与页岩气有很多相似之处,不同的是中国开发煤层气的历史更久一些,但其年产量只有页岩气的46%,产业前景与产量增长速度没有页岩气乐观。在“双碳”目标下,非常规天然气要担负起能源行业低碳转型、保障能源安全的重任,有必要将两个产业进行对比分析,找到快速发展的最优方案。通过对比分析,认为中国煤层气与页岩气相比,资源相当、投资门槛低、收益高、但是矿权分散复杂、行业投资信心不足、投资密度较小,造成发展缓慢。若借鉴页岩气发展的中国经验,充分释放自2020年开始的探矿权改革红利,通过行业整合,将煤层气矿权集中到优秀企业手中,地方政府进一步发挥“有为政府”的作用,将加快中国煤层气产业发展,国内煤层气产量将会与页岩气并驾齐驱。

As a major component of unconventional gas, coalbed methane enjoys many similarities with shale gas.However, the development of the coalbed methane in China can be dated back to an earlier period. Its annual output only reaches 46% of that of shale gas. The industrial outlook and capacity growth are not that optimistic as shale gas.Guided by the “dual-carbon” goal, non-conventional natural gas plays a role of helping the low-carbon transformation of energy industry and securing energy. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct comparative analysis on such two industries and find out the optimal plan for the rapid development. Based on the analysis, it is believed that compared with shale gas, coalbed methane in China enjoys similar resources, low investment threshold and high yield, yet with complicated mineral right dispersion, lack of industrial investment confidence and lower investment density. If we refer to the experience of the shale gas development in China, we could fully unleash the reform benefits of exploration rights since 2020 and concentrate the coalbed methane exploration rights to well-performed enterprises by industrial integration. In addition, local governments would play the role as “responsible governments” to speed up the progress of China’s coalbed methane industry. Thus, the capacity of domestic coalbed methane and shale gas will develop on par with each other.