中国内地中小学校医和卫生室配置情况调查

Allocations of school doctors and clinics in public primary and secondary schools across Chinese mainland, 2019 – a general survey

目的了解我国中小学校医和卫生室配备状况,为制定我国学校卫生策略提供参考依据。方法于2019年10月—2020年2月,采用中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学动态数据采集平台(EDDC)信息系统对中国内地30个省(自治区、直辖市)及新疆生产建设兵团193392所中小学校医及卫生室配备情况进行普查。结果校医配备率为17.27%(33407/193392),学生与校医人数配备比例为3457:1,校医配比达标率为1.94%(1296/66682);卫生室配备率为15.41%(29809/193392);不同地域、学段、学校类型的校医配备率、校医配比达标率、专职校医配备率、校医参加培训或进修的比例及卫生室配备率均存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论我国中小学校医和卫生室配备严重不足,学校卫生工作需要建立一支高素质的校医队伍、配备完善的卫生室,并在实际工作中因地制宜,因人(学校类别)制宜。

Objective To examine the status of doctors and clinics allocation in public primary and secondary schools across the mainland of China for providing a reference to the formulation of school health strategies. Methods With Epidemiological Dynamic Data Collection Platform(EDDC) of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted a general survey on school doctors and clinics allocation among primary and secondary schools across 30provincial-level administrative divisions in the mainland of China from October 2019 to February 2020. Results Among the193 492 public primary and secondary schools surveyed, 33 407(17.27%) had school doctors and there were 44 881 school doctors providing healthcare services to 155 143 857 students in 2019, with a student-school doctor ratio of 3 457 : 1. Of the66 682 surveyed schools with the total student number of 600 and above, only 1 296(1.94%) met the national standard(≤ 600 : 1) for the student-school doctor ratio. School clinics were set up in 15.41%(n = 29 809) of all schools surveyed.There were statistical disparities in allocations of part/full time school doctors and school clinics, student-school doctor ratio,proportions of the school doctors taking professional training programs/refresher courses among the schools in different regions and the schools of various types(primary/secondary/vacation school and boarding/non-boarding)(all P < 0.01).Conclusion There were significant deficits in allocations of school doctors and clinics among primary and secondary schools across China and region-and school type-specific measures should be taken to improve the situation.