金属加工液致癌性研究进展

Research progress in carcinogenicity of metalworking fluids

金属加工液(MWFs)在机械制造行业用量巨大,接触人数众多,其既可简单分为油基切削液和水基切削液2类,也可按性质分为纯矿物油、可溶性油、合成液和半合成液4类。在加工和磨削操作时,由于机械喷溅作用、转动工件力的作用、雾化和蒸发、金属切削工件表面温升高导致燃烧或热解等多种方式,将MWFs油雾直接喷射到操作者手部或面部的暴露皮肤上,或散放至生产环境空气中被操作人员吸入,均可导致职业健康危害。MWFs对皮肤、呼吸系统的健康危害已较为明确,但对其致癌性的问题尚存在争论。为此,本文从MWFs暴露与癌症关系、MWFs种类与癌症关系、MWFs致癌因素等方面对MWFs的致癌性进行了综述,旨在为进一步深入研究MWFs的健康危害提供参考依据。

Metalworking fluids(MWFs) is used in the machinery manufacturing industry in huge quantities and with a large number of exposed workers. MWFs can simply be divided into 2 categories: oil-based and water-based fluids, or by its nature into 4 categories: straight oils, soluble oils, synthetic fluids and semi-synthetic fluids. During machining and grinding operations, MWFs is sprayed directly onto the exposed skin of the operator′s hands or face, or is dispersed into the air of the workplace environment and inhaled by the operator, resulting in occupational health hazards due to mechanical splashing,rotating workpiece forces, atomisation and evaporation, burning or pyrolysis due to increased surface temperature of the metal cutting workpiece. The health hazards of MWFs to skin and respiratory system are well established, but the issue of its carcinogenicity is still debated. In this study, the carcinogenicity of MWFs is reviewed in terms of the relationship between exposure to MWFs and cancer, the relationship between MWFs types and cancer, and the carcinogenic factors of MWFs for providing a reference for further research on the health hazards of MWFs.