中—新生代盆地煤铀协同勘查及对策建议

Co-exploration of coal and uranium and related policy suggestions

我国铀资源对外依存度高,供应安全不容乐观,加大国内铀资源勘探投入势在必行。目前我国铀资源产量主要来自于北方砂岩型铀矿床,将来可能占比越来越高将由其提供。砂岩型铀矿产出与含煤地层关系密切,煤田勘查发现的放射性信息是砂岩型铀矿找矿的重要线索,鄂尔多斯盆地皂火壕和纳林沟大型砂岩型铀矿床的发现与之关系密切,大营超大型砂岩型铀矿床的发现更是煤铀协同勘查的典型范例。受此启发,中国地质调查局实施了北方砂岩型铀矿调查工程,发现了一系列大型砂岩型铀矿产地和多个经钻探验证的远景区,“铀煤兼探”成效显著。中国地质调查局主要职责为公益性地质调查,由其主导发现的矿产地和远景区勘查精度较低,要使其达到提交储量的级别,就需要企业接盘。我国现行铀矿政策和部门利益冲突限制了社会资本的进入,严重影响了铀矿找矿的进程,为此笔者等建议:(1)在国家层面制定相关配套政策,进一步放开铀矿权,允许非核企业进入铀矿勘查领域,激活市场潜力,重点推进、做深前期“煤铀兼探”获得的成果,加快我国铀资源勘查进程;(2)持续不断地推进“煤铀、油铀”等协同勘查工作,提高多能源综合勘查研究水平,节省勘查资金,制定我国协同勘查的基本原则和勘查规范,使能源型盆地勘查工作有序高效并合理利用。

China’s uranium resources are highly dependent on foreign countries and the supply security deserves attention, which indicates that China must increase its domestic investment in uranium resources exploration. At present, uranium in China is mainly produced from sandstone type uranium deposits in Mesozoic—Cenozoic basins in north China, which may account for an increasing proportion in the future. Due to the close relationship between sandstone-type uranium deposit and coal measure strata, the radioactive anomaly information found in coalfield exploration is an important clue for sandstone-type uranium deposit prospecting. For example, the discovery of Zaohuohao and Nalinggou large sandstone type uranium deposit in Ordos Basin is closely related to coal exploration, and the discovery of Daying super large sandstone-type uranium deposit is a typical example of coal—uranium cooperative exploration. Inspired by this, China Geological Survey(CGS) has implemented the investigation project of sandstone-type uranium deposits in north China, and discovered a series of large sandstone type uranium deposits and a number of prospective areas verified by drilling. However, the CGS is only responsible for non-profile geological surveys, and its survey accuracy is low. These uranium deposits discovered by the CGS will require more work from companies if they are to be developed. China’s current policy and departmental interest conflicts restrict the entry of social capital and seriously affect the uranium prospecting process. Against this background, two suggestions are made as follows. The first suggestion is to formulate relevant supporting policies at the national level to liberalize uranium exploration rights and allow non-nuclear enterprises to carry out uranium exploration, focusing on promoting and deepening the achievements of “co-exploration of coal and uranium” and speeding up the process of uranium resource exploration. The second suggestion is to continuously promote the cooperative exploration of “coal—uranium or oil—uranium” to improve the research level of multi-energy comprehensive exploration and save exploration funds, and formulate the basic principles and exploration standards of co-exploration, so as to make the exploration more orderly, efficiently and economically.