江西武功山花岗岩地貌特征与成因

Characteristics and formation machanisms of granite landscapes in Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi Province

江西武功山花岗岩穹窿构造地貌景观类型具有多样性、典型性,具有极高的美学价值、科学价值和旅游开发价值。武功山花岗岩地貌类型可划分为花岗岩风化壳高山草甸、花岗岩侵蚀构造地貌、花岗岩流水侵蚀地貌和花岗岩崩塌堆积地貌等,而且每一类型又有多种微地貌景观,具有显著的集聚性特征,主要集中在金顶、明月山和羊狮幕地区,空间上可分为4个梯度,分别为中心高山草甸带、中心边缘构造侵蚀地貌区、外围峡谷、孤峰、瀑布、温泉区、武功山主山体前缘区。花岗岩穹窿构造核部及外缘区域的花岗岩地貌发育模式和发育阶段具有明显差异,反映了武功山不同山体单元多期差异性隆升后,在亚热带气候环境下,流水溯源侵蚀、构造、岩体性质等内外营力对原始地貌面的差异性作用过程。本研究不仅可为花岗岩穹窿构造地貌景观空间展布规律和地貌特征的研究提供有效借鉴,而且可为武功山地区地学科普、地质遗迹保护等提供支撑。

The geomorphic types of the Wugong Mountain granite domes in Jiangxi Province exhibit a diverse representation of landscapes with high aesthetic, scientific, and tourism development values. The granite landscape types at Wugong Mountain can be categorized into granite weathering crust-based alpine meadow, granite erosion landform, granite runoff erosion landform, and granite landslide debris landform, each type exhibiting a variety of micro-geomorphic subtypes with significant clustering characteristics. These landscape types are primarily concentrated in the Jinding, Mingyueshan, and Yangshimu regions, and can be spatially divided into the following four gradients: the central alpine meadow belt;the central edge erosion landform area;the peripheral canyons, isolated peaks, waterfalls, and hot springs;and the front edge of the main body of the Wugong Mountain. In the core and outer rim areas of the granite dome structures, the geomorphic development patterns and stages are distinct, thereby reflecting differential processes caused by the exo-and endogenic forces(such as headwater erosion, structure, and rock body properties) on the original landscape surface of various units of the Wugong Mountain through multiple phases of differential uplift in the subtropical climate. This study not only provides information on the spatial distribution pattern and geomorphic features of the granite dome structures, but also supports the geological science and conservation of geological relics in the Wugong Mountain.