非同一性与自由:论阿多诺对康德先验理性的批判与重构

Non-identity and Freedom:On Adorno’s Criticism and Reconstruction of Kant’s Transcendental Rationality

阿多诺否定辩证法建构的重要一维是对康德先验理性中非同一性的强调。康德意识到现代理性主体主义使人陷入非理性和不自由的危机,并力图通过认识论上的哥白尼式革命和严格的理性划界来拯救人的自由和尊严。阿多诺重新强调康德批判哲学中先验理性蕴含的非同一性要素,批判启蒙理性在现代社会倒退为权力支配的同一性,并结合社会批判和心理学分析否定了道德普遍主义的观念性。通过对康德先验理性哲学体系的批判性重构,阿多诺重新确立了非同一性对于经验主体和个性自由的前提性意义。

One of the important dimensions of Adorno’s negative dialectics is his emphasis on the non-identity of Kant’s transcendental rationality.Kant realized that modern rational subjectivism caused people to fall into the crisis of irrationality and non-freedom,and tried to save people’s freedom and dignity through the Copernican Revolution in epistemology and strict rational demarcation.Adorno re-emphasizes the non-identity elements contained in transcendental rationality in Kant’s critical philosophy,criticizes the enlightenment rationality’s regression into the identity of power domination in modern society,and denies the ideality of moral universalism by combining social criticism and psychological analysis.Through the critical reconstruction of Kant’s philosophical system of transcendental rationality,Adorno re-established the prerequisite significance of non-identity to the subject of experience and individual freedom.