场域演化与民俗体育文化再生产--以国家级非遗“跑马排”春节习俗为例

Field Evolution and Reproduction of Folk Sports Culture:Focusing on the Spring Festival Custom of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage “Horse Racing Platoon”

作为特殊的非物质文化遗产,植根于广袤乡村的民俗体育在生成、发展过程中受场域演化影响,呈现丰富的嬗变轨迹。对国家级非物质文化遗产“跑马排”春节习俗不同时期的场域演化与文化再生产进行分析发现:传统时期“跑马排”先后受军事文化和农商文化影响,呈现从军事训练技能到日常娱乐活动再到春节习俗活动的文化再生产轨迹;新中国成立以来,“跑马排”春节习俗也经历了从“传承式民俗”到“开发式民俗”的文化再生产路径。当前在乡村振兴和非遗保护的背景下,此类民俗活动由国家、市场与习俗三重力量互动形成的新场域处于起步阶段,需要从民众需求与民俗发展的可持续性对其文化再生产进一步展开思考。

As special intangible cultural heritage, the folk sports rooted in the vast countryside are always affected by the evolution of the field in the process of generation and development, showing a rich evolutionary track. With the analysis of the field evolution and cultural reproduction of the national intangible cultural heritage“horse racing platoon” of the Spring Festival custom in different periods, it can be found that the traditional period “horse racing platoon” was successively influenced by military culture and agricultural and commercial culture, showing the cultural reproduction track from military training skills and the daily entertainment activities to the Spring Festival custom activities;since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the cultural reproduction path of “horse racing platoon”Spring Festival custom is from inherited folklore to developed folklore. In the context of rural revitalization and intangible cultural heritage protection, such folklore activities in the new field formed by the interaction of the state, market, and customs are in their infancy. It is necessary to further its cultural reproduction from the needs of people and the sustainable development of folklore.