预处理辅助酶解制备多孔淀粉及其在食品领域中的应用

Porous starch prepared by pre-treatment assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and its application in food field

多孔淀粉是一种将淀粉颗粒适度水解后得到的具有蜂窝状多孔结构的改性淀粉,具有较大的比表面积和优良的吸附性能,兼具生物相容性好和生物可降解等优点。生物酶解法因其反应条件温和、水解效率高和底物特异性强等优点而被广泛应用于多孔淀粉的制备。一些常规预处理辅助方法(如超声波、热处理、交联、挤出、冻融和脉冲电场)与酶解的结合,可以进一步促进原淀粉颗粒表面孔道的形成,从而提高淀粉颗粒的酶解效率,显著提升多孔淀粉的生产效率和吸附性能,已被应用于食品领域中功能性油脂的吸附和缓释、生物活性物质的包埋和控释、益生菌的微胶囊和脂肪替代物等方面。

Porous starch is a modified starch with honeycomb porous structure obtained by moderate hydrolysis,possessing large specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance with good biocompatibility and biodegradability.Enzymatic hydrolysis is widely used in the preparation of porous starch because of the mild reaction conditions,high hydrolysis efficiency and strong substrate specificity.The combination of some conventional pre-treatment assisted methods(such as ultrasonic,heat treatment,crosslinking,extrusion,freeze-thaw,and pulsed electric field)and enzymatic hydrolysis could promote the formation of pores on the surface of raw starch granules,increase the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency,and significantly improve the production efficiency and adsorption performance of products,which has been applied for the adsorption and slow-release of functional oils,the encapsulation and controlled-release of bioactive compounds,the microcapsule of probiotics and fat substitutes in the food field.