从规制数据获取到规制数据使用

From regulatory data acquisition to regulatory data use

数据规制的特征植根于传统时代的特征,主要在于重视对数据获取的规制,并且在数据获取规制中主要遵循“知情同意”框架,在数据使用规制中主要采取“数据主体本位”视角。随着科技的进步与时代的发展,上述进路所依据的时代特征也在变化:数据主体不再有足够的能力和动力掌握自身数据;数据流转的目的不再明确也不主要局限于数据主体的自身利益;对“获取”的监管难度相对增加,对“使用”的监管难度相对降低。针对上述问题,“数据获取”规制不宜继续对“知情同意”框架进行再扩张;“数据使用”规制应当向“社会本位”视角倾斜;数据规制的重心应当从前端的“数据获取”向后端的“数据使用”过渡。

The characteristics of data regulation depend on the characteristics of the traditional era.Data regulation is mainly the regulation of access,and follows the framework of“informed consent”and mainly adopts the perspective of“data subject-based”.With the advancement of science and technology,data subjects no longer have enough ability and motivation to master their own data;the purpose of data flow is no longer clear,nor is it limited to the interests of the subject;the supervision of“acquisition”is more difficult,and the control of“use”is more difficult.Therefore,the regulation of“data acquisition”should not continue to re-expand the framework of“informed consent”;the regulation of“data use”should be inclined to the perspective of“society-based”;the focus of data regulation should be from the front-end“data acquisition”to the back-end“data use”transition.