2011年-2021年6月甘肃省陇南市流行性感冒流行特征及病原学变迁规律研究

Study on epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic type change rules of influenza in Longnan City,Gansu Province from 2011 to 2021

目的分析陇南市2011年1月—2021年6月流行性感冒(简称流感)流行特征和病原型别变迁规律,为流感防控策略的优化提供依据。方法收集2011年1月—2021年6月陇南市流感监测哨点医院的流感样病例(ILI)和病原学监测结果进行流行病学分析。结果2011年1月—2021年6月陇南市哨点医院共报告ILI 24129例,平均ILI就诊百分比为2.04%;发病高峰集中在冬春季;报告ILI以0岁~组和5岁~组为主,分别占总数的60.29%和28.38%。2011年—2020年陇南市流感病毒核酸检测阳性率为16.32%,以季节性H3N2为主;冬季以甲型流感病毒为优势株,春季以乙型流感病毒为优势株;不同季节流感病毒核酸检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同季节、年龄流感病毒病原型别差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论陇南市流感流行季节为冬春季,<15岁人群是流感防控重点关注的人群。应提前开展流感的预测预警,指导重点人群流感疫苗的预防接种。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic type change rules of influenza in Longnan City,Gansu Province from,January 2011 to June 2021,so as to offer basis for optimizing the strategy of influenza prevention and control.Methods Cases of influenza-like illness(ILI)and monitoring results of pathogen in sentinel hospitals of influenza monitoring in Longnan City from,January 2011 to June 2021 were collected for epidemiological analysis.Results From,January 2011 to June 2021,24129 cases of ILI were reported from sentinel hospitals in Longnan City.The mean percentage of visit due to ILI was 2.04%.Its onset peaked in the winter and the spring;ILI mainly occurred at the age of 0-5 years old and5-15 years old,which accounted for 60.29%and 28.38%,respectively.From 2011 to 2020,nucleic acid test on influenza virus in Longnan City showed a positive rate of 16.32%;it was mainly seasonal H3N2.In winter,type A influenza virus was the dominant strain;in spring,type B influenza virus was the dominant strain.As shown by the nucleic acid test on influenza virus,the difference in the positive rate among different seasons was statistically significant(P<0.05);the difference in pathogenic type of influenza virus among different seasons and ages was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In Longnan City,the prevalent seasons of influenza are winter and spring;the population less than 15 years old is the key population for the attention in prevention and control of influenza.The influenza should be predicted and warned in advanced.Prophylactic inoculation of influenza vaccines should be made in key population.