地热系统来源有害组分的环境效应及其处理

Environmental effects of harmful constituents derived from geothermal systems and their treatments

地热能是亟待加强开发利用的可再生新能源,但地热研究者与从业者需正视与地热系统相关的各类环境问题。本文聚焦地热系统来源有害组分,从其形成机制入手,总结了其类型、存在形态和环境效应,认为地热水回灌或无干扰井下换热均不可能彻底解除地热开发利用的环境和人类健康威胁,且地热水天然排泄所导致的周边环境内水质劣化同样不容忽视。在此基础上,提出水处理是地热成因环境污染防治的重要手段之一,综述了在此领域今后应着力发展的方向。

Geothermal energy is a new, renewable energy whose utilization needs to be strengthened. However, researchers and practitioners have to face up to various environmental problems related to geothermal systems. In this review, harmful constituents derived from geothermal systems are focused on with their formation mechanisms, types, speciation, and environmental effects being generalized. Geothermal water reinjection and undisturbed downhole heat exchange are incapable of completely eliminating the environmental and health threats posed by exploitation of geothermal energy. Moreover, deterioration of the quality of other types of waters in and around a geothermal area resulting from natural discharge of geothermal waters should not be neglected either. Water treatment is one of the vital ways for prevention and remediation of environmental pollutions induced by geothermal discharge. Thus, promising research directions in the area, which are worth being developed in the future, are summarized.