不同民族地区中小学生视力健康差异分析

Disparity in visual health among primary and middle school students in different ethnic regions:a comparative study

目的探究少数民族地区中小学生视力健康现状,并与汉族地区中小学生比较,为制定不同民族地区中小学生视力健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法选取2018—2020年陕西和宁夏地区15个县353所学校59189名中小学生为对象,运用logistic多元回归分析不同民族地区中小学生视力不良情况和视力矫正情况。结果少数民族地区和汉族地区中小学生视力不良率分别为28.86%、41.40%,少数民族地区中小学生视力不良发生率显著低于汉族地区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);少数民族地区和汉族地区视力不良中小学生配镜率分别为8.04%、30.31%,少数民族地区中小学生视力矫正率显著低于汉族地区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。女生、初中生、母亲经常在家、父亲受教育水平高的学生视力不良率和配镜率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),汉族地区视力不良学生配镜率在各种特征下都高于少数民族地区(P<0.001)。结论少数民族地区和汉族地区中小学生视力不良率和配镜率差异显著,少数民族地区学生视力不良率较低,且矫正率更低,少数民族地区的视力矫正问题需得到关注和解决。

Objective To examine the status of visual health among primary and middle school students in minority regions and compare the status with that of the Han students in non-minority regions for providing evidences to the development of strategies on visual health promotion of the minority students.Methods The data on 59189 primary students of grade 4-6 and junior high school students were extracted from a visual health promotion program conducted from 2018 to 2020 in minority regions(5 counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region)and non-minority regions mainly with Han populations(10 counties of Shaanxi province).The data included vision examination results and self-reported visual health-related information for 24054 students in minority regions and 35135 in non-minority regions.Multivariate logistic regression model was adopted in data analyses.Results The prevalence rate of poor vision was 28.86%and 41.40%in the students in minority and non-minority regions,respectively.The prevalence of poor vision of the students in minority regions was significantly lower than that of the students in non-minority regions(P<0.001).Compared to those in nonminority regions,the students with poor vision in minority regions reported a significantly lower rate of glasses wearing(8.04%vs.30.31%,P<0.001).Both the rate of poor vision and the rate of glasses wearing for poor eyesight were significantly higher among the girl and junior middle school students and the students with mothers staying at home frequently and high paternal education(P<0.001 for all).After adjusting for various variables,the poor vision students in non-minority regions were more likely to have glasses wearing in comparison to the students in minority regions(P<0.001).Conclusion There were significant disparities in the prevalence rate of poor vision and the rate of glasses wearing for poor vision between the primary and junior high school students in minority and non-minority regions.The students in minority regions had a lower rate of poor vision and an even more lower rate of glasses wearing for poor vision and the situation should be concerned.