后疫情时代父母对儿童流感疫苗接种意愿现况调查

Parental willingness for children’s influenza vaccination after COVID-19 epidemic among 1 to 18 years children in urban Shanghai

目的调查后疫情时代父母对于儿童流感疫苗的意愿及影响因素,为提高儿童流感疫苗接种率提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2021年6月对2554名上海市张江社区1~18岁儿童父母进行问卷调查,收集其家庭基本信息、对流感疫苗的认知情况、2020年度(2020年9月—2021年1月)儿童流感疫苗接种情况及2021年度(2021年9月开始的流感季)儿童流感疫苗接种意愿,对调查结果进行描述性分析,并用多因素logistic回归分析儿童流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结果有效问卷2448份,2020年度儿童流感疫苗接种率为51.59%,父母对2021年度儿童流感疫苗的接种意愿率为58.66%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,2020年度儿童流感疫苗接种率的影响因素有:儿童年龄(OR_(4~6岁)=7.966,95%CI=5.410~11.729;OR_(7~11岁)=0.407,95%CI=0.282~0.587;OR_(12~17岁)=0.106,95%CI=0.066~0.169),父母类型(OR_(母亲)=1.505,95%CI=1.149~1.973);父母对2021年度儿童流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素有:父母自身接种意愿(OR_(有)=12.301,95%CI=9.976~15.170),按照国家推荐的免疫规划为孩子接种(OR_(是)=2.662,95%CI=1.910~3.709),父母中有参与新冠防控工作(OR_(是)=1.449,95%CI=1.082~1.940),居住本辖区(OR_(是)=0.702,95%CI=0.531~0.928),担心疫苗的安全性(OR_(担心)=0.627,95%CI=0.465~0.845,OR_(不确定)=0.682,95%CI=0.478~0.975),亲友的新冠肺炎病史(OR_(是)=0.411,95%CI=0.192~0.878),儿童年龄(OR_(7~11岁)=0.384,95%CI=0.240~0.615,OR_(12~17岁)=0.289,95%CI=0.173~0.484)。结论父母对儿童流感疫苗接种意愿主要与父母认知、疫苗政策和家庭情况等因素有关,为维持较高的接种率,建议加强父母的疫苗相关知识宣教。

Objective To investigate parental willingness for their children's influenza vaccination and its influencing factors after coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic and to provide evidences for improving influenza vaccination rate in children.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,we recruited 2554 children aged 1-18 years at 12 kindergartens,4 primary and 5 middle schools and among attendees of vaccination clinics in an urban district of Shanghai;an online survey was conducted among the parents of the selected children with a self-designed questionnaire on family status,the awareness of influenza vaccine,their children's influenza vaccination in 2020,and the intention for their children's vaccination in 2021 influenza season during June 2021.Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in data analyses.Results Complete information were collected from 98.85%(2448)of the parents.The reported influenza vaccination rate was 51.59% among the respondents'children in 2020 influenza season(September 2020-January 2021)and the proportion of the respondents reporting the willingness to have their children's influenza vaccination in 2021 influenza season was 58.66%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the children's influenza vaccination in 2020 included:children's age(compared to the ages of 1-3 years:odds ratio[OR]_(4-6)=7.966,95% confidence interval[95%CI]:5.410-11.729;OR_(7-11)=0.407,95%CI:0.282-0.587;and OR_(12-18)=0.106,95%CI:0.066-0.169),parent-child relationship(father vs.mother:OR=1.505,95%CI:1.149-1.973).The influencing factors for parents'willingness to have their children being vaccinated in 2021 influenza season included:parent's willingness for the vaccination of himself/herself(yes vs.no:OR=12.301,95%CI:9.976-15.170),accepting the recommendation in national immunization plan(yes vs.no:OR=2.662,95%CI:1.910-3.709),participating in COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control(yes vs.no:OR=1.449,95%CI:1.082-1.940),being local resident(yes vs.no:OR=0.702,95%CI:0.531-0.928),being worried about vaccine safety(yes vs.no:OR=0.627,95%CI:0.465-0.845 and yes vs.uncertainly:OR=0.682,95%CI:0.478-0.975),with relatives or friends ever experiencing COVID-19 infection(yes vs.no:OR=0.411,95%CI:0.192-0.878),and children's age(compared to the ages of 1-3 years:OR_(7-11)=0.384,95%CI:0.240-0.615,OR_(12-17)=0.289,95%CI:0.173-0.484).Conclusion For 1-18 years old children in urban Shanghai,parental willingness for children's influenza vaccination was mainly related to parents'cognition on the vaccine,vaccine policy and family situation after COVID-19 epidemic.The results suggest that relevant education should be conducted among the children's parents for promoting childhood influenza vaccination.