论恩格斯对唯物史观创立的重要贡献——基于《国民经济学批判大纲》的文本研究

Engels’s Important Contribution to the Establishment of Historical Materialism——Text Research Based on Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy

《国民经济学批判大纲》是恩格斯早期独立撰写的一部政治经济学著作,其中蕴含唯物史观创立的关键要素。正是恩格斯在《大纲》中对资本主义社会经济事实的深入研究,促使处于思想转变中的马克思进入政治经济学研究领域,为唯物史观的创立开辟了理论视野和前进道路。《大纲》创造性地运用生产力理论,对资本主义经济过程中供给与需求的矛盾运动进行辩证分析,为唯物史观的创立提供了研究方法和思想路径上的重要启迪,由此也让马克思看到了恩格斯与自己从政治立场到学术旨趣的根本一致性,使两人合作创立新世界观从可能成为现实。进一步开展《大纲》的文本研究,有利于深入认识恩格斯对唯物史观创立的重要贡献,并经由这种认识的深化,更为有力地批驳“马克思恩格斯对立论”的错误,加强对马克思主义整体性的理解与把握,在新时代继续推进马克思主义中国化。

Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy is an early work on political economy written by Engels independently,which contains the key elements for the establishment of historical materialism. It was Engels’ s profound revelation and criticism of the economic facts of capitalist society in the Outlines that prompted Marx,who was in the process of ideological transformation,to enter the field of political economy research and opened up the theoretical vision and the way forward for the establishment of historical materialism. The Outlines creatively uses the theory of productivity to dialectically analyze the contradiction movements of supply and demand in the capitalist economic process,which provides an important inspiration for the establishment of historical materialism in terms of research methods and ideological paths,thus allowing Marx to see the fundamental consistency between Engels and himself from their political positions to their academic interests,making the cooperation between the two of them on the creation of a new worldview from a possibility to a reality. The further text study of the Outlines is conducive to a deeper understanding of Engels’ s important contribution to the establishment of historical materialism,which helps to more strongly refute the error of the "Marx-Engels antithesis",to strengthen the understanding and grasp of the totality of Marxism,and to continue to promote the sinicization of Marxism in the new era.