长江经济带旅游业环境生产率测度、空间分异及驱动机制研究

Measurement,Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanism of Environment Total Factor Productivity in Tourism:A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

环境生产率,作为衡量旅游业绿色发展质量的指标,表征旅游活动环境影响减量化和旅游投入产出最大化。基于资源环境约束视角,借助EBM模型与GML指数相结合、探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)、地理加权回归模型(GWR)判读、剖析了长江经济带旅游业环境生产率(ETFP)时空演变特征与驱动机理。结果表明:(1)研究期内,长江经济带旅游业ETFP年均增长率约为4.5%,同时自长江下游至上游旅游业ETFP呈梯度递减态势,另外长江经济带与三大区域(上中下游)旅游业ETFP驱动力基本上沿着“技术效率—双轮驱动—技术进步”的路径更迭;(2)长江经济带11省市旅游业ETFP可划分为持续改善型、持续恶化型、恶化转向改善型三类,持续改善型省市出现GML指数提升与技术进步轻微衰退并存局面,持续恶化型省份旅游业绿色发展绩效较差且技术效率改进幅度尚不理想,恶化转向改善型省市因技术进步驱动,旅游业发展与生态保护关系进入协调阶段;(3)长江经济带旅游业ETFP存在较强的正空间相关性,同时冷热点呈交错分布,形成从长江下游到上游的热点—次冷点—次热点—冷点的变化格局;(4)旅游经济规模、旅游科研水平、旅游产业结构、环境规制、对外开放程度、教育水平对研究区域旅游业环境生产率影响均具有一定的空间异质性,并基于其作用程度构建了“因素—路径—效应—结果”的驱动作用机制。

Environment total factor productivity(ETFP),an indicator of the quality of green tourism,represents the reduction of environmental impact and the maximization of tourism output.Based on the perspective of resources and environment constraints,this study explores the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and the driving mechanism of tourism ETFP in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,with the aid of the combination method of EBM model and GML index,ESDA,and GWR.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Tourism ETFP in this region grows annually at an average rate of about 4.5%in the period of this research,declining gradually from the lower reaches to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.In addition,tourism ETFP in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the three major regions(upper,middle and lower reaches)are basically driven by technological efficiency,technological progress or both of them interchangeably.(2)Tourism ETFP of the 11 provinces and cities in this region fall into three types:continuous improving,continuous deteriorating,and improving after deterioration.An increase of GML index coexists with a slight decline of technological progress in places with continuous improving tourism ETFP,whereas for places where tourism ETFP keeps deteriorating,the performance of green tourism is poor and the technological efficiency rate appears unsatisfactory.Meanwhile,driven by technological progress,a harmonious relationship has been established in places with tourism ETFP improved after deterioration.(3)Tourism ETFP of this region shows a strong positive spatial correlation,the hot and cold spots staggered,forming a changing pattern of“hot spots—sub-cold spots—sub-hot spots—cold spots”from the lower reaches to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.(4)The impacts of tourism economy scale,tourism research level,tourism structure,environmental regulations,degree of openness and educational level on tourism ETFP in the region demonstrate spatial heterogeneity,based upon which a driving mechanism of“factor—path—effect—result”is constructed.