《新加坡调解公约》与中国法律制度的冲突与应对

The Conflict Between "Singapore Convention on Mediation" and China’s Legal System and Countermeasures

《新加坡调解公约》的产生背景是为打破和解协议在国际间执行难的困境,其主要内容是赋予经调解所达成的国际商事和解协议以执行力,而这与中国的法律规定及传统法律观念极为不符。根据中国的法律规定,和解协议并不具有执行力,其须经过法院或其他法定机构的审查,才可被申请强制执行。《新加坡调解公约》与中国法律制度的主要矛盾便由此产生,即针对和解协议效力的规定存在不同。而针对此矛盾及其可能产生的消极影响,可通过限缩商事概念、确认和解协议的效力、建立公示制度、完善审查和执行程序等措施来克服。

The background of the"Singapore Convention on Mediation"is to break the predicament of settlement agreements that are difficult to enforce internationally.Therefore,its main content is to give enforceability to international commercial settlement agreements reached through mediation,which is extremely inconsistent with Chinese laws and traditional concepts.According to Chinese law,the settlement agreement is not enforceable,and it must be reviewed by the court or other statutory bodies before applying for enforcement.The main contradiction between the"Singapore Convention on Mediation"and the Chinese legal system arises from this,that is,the provisions on the validity of the settlement agreement are different.Regarding this contradiction and its possible negative effects,they can be overcome by restricting the concept of commercial affairs,confirming the validity of the settlement agreement,establishing a publicity system,improving the review and execution procedures.