《艾灸图》的医史问题及其背后的巫医之争

Medical History in The Painting of Moxibustionand the Conflict between Medicalism and Shamanism

《艾灸图》是一幅罕见的以中医艾灸为主题的宋代人物风俗画,它用生动的笔墨、创新的技法与丰富的细节,向世人展示了画作的三重蕴意——画卷之中的“艾灸之景”、画史之间的“进谏之愿”、画面之外的“巫医之争”。生动写实的艾灸之景与迂回婉转的进谏之愿相得益彰,不仅表达了画家对病可就医、医者有法的太平景象的希冀,而且折射出他对“病不疗治,听于巫觋”的医疗窘境的批评。从医疗史的角度,对以《艾灸图》为代表的与中医药相关的古代书画作品进行鉴赏与分析,有助于更加生动与全面地了解中国古代的医疗发展状况。

The Painting of Moxibustion is a rare genre painting which takes the moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the theme in the Song Dynasty.Its vivid characters,innovative techniques,and abundant details told people the triple connotation of this painting.The first connotation is the vivid scene of moxibustion depicted on this painting.The second connotation is the desire for admonition which hidden between the painting and the medical history of the Song Dynasty.The third connotation is the conflict between medicalism and shamanism concealed behind it.The vivid scene of moxibustion complements the desire for admonition,that not only expresses the painter's hope for a peaceful scene where the patients could be treated and the doctors could adopt medical skills,but also reflects his criticism of the medical dilemma of"trust on the wizard over medicine".Appreciation and analysis on The Painting of Moxibustion and other ancient paintings or literatures from the perspective of medical history would promote the understanding on the medical development in ancient China more vividly and comprehensively.