交流与共生:蒙藏关系史上的两位“把式”功绩之记

On the Achievements of Two“Bashi”in the History of Mongolian-Tibetan Relations

蒙藏两个民族的关系源远流长。自元朝时期西藏地方政府与中央政权建立关系以来,蒙古高原与青藏高原紧密相连,蒙藏在经济和文化方面不断发展,北方、西北和西南边疆地区的牧业经济,同中原地区的农业经济,相互补充,相互促进,相互依赖,成为不可分割的整体。因此,蒙藏关系史研究是中国民族关系史研究的重要内容之一,也是蒙古学和藏学历来重视的话题。源自中央王朝封赏的官衔、封号进入西藏后,深受西藏地方的重视,部分官衔、封号不仅融入藏语言,还在地方政权重要人物的称号或尊号中被使用。文章以13世纪蒙藏关系史上被封号为“把式”的嘎玛派著名学者嘎玛把式与噶当派著名学者贾哥把式作为研究对象,探讨了“把式”一词在历史文献中的含义及其影响;从二者的历史身份、求学背景、社会贡献等方面进行入手,论述二者在蒙藏关系史上所做出的贡献。提出元代以来把式这一位高权重的职位给西藏社会留下了深刻的影响,并且促进了蒙藏之间社会经济文化的交往交流。

The relationship between Mongolia and Tibet has a long history.Since the establishment of political relations between Tubo and the central government in the Yuan Dynasty,the Mongolian Plateau has been closely connected with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the economic and cultural ties between Mongolia and Tibet have been continuously developed.The animal husbandry economy in the north,northwest and southwest border areas and the agricultural economy in the Central Plains complement,promote and depend on each other,becoming an inseparable whole.In the process of close contact and friendly exchanges,the relationship between Mongolia and Tibet has increasingly formed that“no one can be separated from the other”.Therefore,the study of the history of Mongolian-Tibetan relations is an important content of the study of the history of ethnic relations in modern China,and it is also a topic that Mongolian and Tibetan academic circles pay more attention to.After entering Tibet,the official titles and titles derived from the central dynasty were deeply valued by Tibet.Some official titles and titles were not only integrated into the Tibetan language,but also used in the titles or titles of dignitaries of local political power.This paper takes Karma Bashi,a famous scholar of Karma School and Bashi,a famous scholar of Kadampa School,which`were dubbed“Bashi”in the history of Mongolian-Tibetan relations in the 13th century as the research object;this paper discusses the meaning and influence of the word“Bashi”in historical documents.Secondly,starting from their historical identity,study background and social contribution,this paper explains their contribution in the history of Mongolian-Tibetan relations in detail.Finally,it is believed that the high-ranking position of Bashi since the Yuan Dynasty has not only left a profound impact on Tibetan society,but also promoted the closer friendship between Mongolia and Tibet.