《红史》元朝相关史料内容与价值探析

Analysis on the Content and Value of Related Historical Materials of the Yuan Dynasty in Deb-Ther-dMar-Po

元代史学名著《红史》记叙撰述西藏卫藏历史以外,还记叙了阿里、印度、汉地、西夏、蒙古等地的王统历史。其中所载元朝相关历史是目前所见最重要的早期藏文元朝史料之一。学界对于《红史》元朝史料虽有关注,但其藏文元朝史料内容和价值尚未进行全面深入的挖掘和研究。文章基于国内外前人的研究成果,运用历史文献学的研究方法探讨了《红史》所引元朝相关史料内容,即始祖孛儿贴赤那到薛禅汗世系传承;真金太子到妥懽帖睦尔皇帝世系及年号;元末年燕铁穆尔专权和妥懽帖睦尔逃亡大都,以及元朝灭亡的史实。准确记述了元朝历任萨迦派帝师和西藏地方本钦等历史信息。所载元朝史料撰写年代最早,内容可信度较高,具有重要的史料价值,不仅可以补充蒙汉文历史资料之不足,还可起到与蒙汉文献相互印证的作用。对推动元朝史、西藏地方政府与元朝中央政府关系,乃至蒙藏文化关系史的深入研究方面具有重要的学术意义和参考价值。

The famous historiography of the Yuan Dynasty,Deb-Ther-dMar-Po,did not only record the history of U-Tsang of Tibet,but also it recorded the history of the kings in Ngari,India,Han,Xixia,Mongolia and other places.Among them,the related history of the Yuan dynasty kings is one of the most important early Tibetan historical materials.Although the academic circles have paid attention to the historical materials of the Yuan Dynasty kings in Deb-Ther-dMar-Po,the content and value of the Tibetan and Yuan related historical materials have not yet been fully and deeply discussed.Based on the research results of the predecessors,the article uses the research method of historical philology to discuss the content of the Yuan Dynasty historical materials cited in the Deb-Ther-dMar-Po,that is,the lineage from Borte China to Qubilaikhan;The lineage and the reign title of Prince Jinggim to Emperor toγan temür;The authoritarian power of EI temürand the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty;as well as the history of the Sakya Tishri and dBon-Chen;although these historical materials are brief in content,they are written in the earliest time,and their content is highly credible.These Tibetan historical materials not only supplement the deficiency of Mongolian and Chinese historical materials,but also play the role of mutual confirmation of Mongolian and Chinese documents.They have important academic significance and reference value for promoting the in-depth study of Yuan history,the history of the relationship between Tibetan local government and the central government of the Yuan Dynasty,and the history of Mongolian-Tibetan cultural relations.